Fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon in three estuarine systems of the Cantabrian Sea (north of Spain)

The diffusive and in situ fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) have been measured and an estimation has been made of the water–atmosphere fluxes of CO₂ in three estuarine systems of the Cantabrian Sea during the spring of 1998. Each of these systems undergoes a different anthropogenic influence. The diffusive fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity obtained present values ranging between 0.54–2.65 and 0.0–2.4 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹, respectively. These ranges are in agreement with those of other coastal systems. The in situ fluxes are high and extremely variable (35–284 mmol TA m⁻² day⁻¹, 43–554 mmol DIC m⁻² day⁻¹ and 22–261 mmol dissolved oxygen (DO) m⁻² day⁻¹), because the systems studied are very heterogeneous. The values of the ratio of the in situ fluxes of TA and DIC show on average that the rate of dissolution of CaCO₃ is 0.37 times that of organic carbon oxidation. Equally, the interval of variation of the relationship between the benthic fluxes of inorganic carbon and oxygen (F_DIC/F_DO) is very wide (0.3–13.9), which demonstrates the different contributions made by the processes of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of the organic matter, as well as by the dissolution–precipitation of CaCO₃. The water–atmosphere fluxes of CO₂ present a clear dependence on the salinity. The brackish water of these systems (salinity<20), where maximum fluxes of 989 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹ have been estimated, act as a source of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The more saline zones of the estuary (salinity>30) act as a sink of CO₂, with fluxes between −5 and −10 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹.     

福塔纤维沥青混凝土性能研究

福塔纤维（FORTA AR）是一种新型的聚合物有机纤维，它由聚丙烯（Pnlypropylene）和芳纶（Keylar）按照质量比3：1混合而成。对掺加0．045％福塔纤维、0．3％的德兰尼特纤维（Dolanit）以及不加纤维的沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、以及水稳定性等路用性能进行了研究，结果表明福塔纤维沥青混合料具有优良的路用性能；继而对福塔纤维改善沥青混合料路用性能的机理进行了分析。     

光纤光栅传感器在分布式测量系统中的应用

介绍了光纤光栅传感器在分布式测量系统中的应用，给出了光纤光栅测量节点的软硬件实现，并对实时性等影响分布式系统性能的因素做出了分析，最后，对于完善方案提出了构想。     

生活小区管道直饮水的工艺及经济分析

分析了生活小区管道直饮水的净水工艺,对工艺流程各单元的原理和作用进行了阐述,并进行了经济分析,和桶装直饮水比较,管道直饮水的价格较低,表明生活小区管道直饮水系统有较大的发展空间。     

Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia

We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year^− 1), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year^− 1), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year^− 1) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year^− 1). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO₂ to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO₂ emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.     

SBS改性沥青混合料耐海水侵蚀性能研究

通过粘附性、马歇尔稳定度、残留稳定度等试验，讨论了SBS改性沥青耐海水及硫酸盐溶液侵蚀性能。结果表明，在海水和硫酸盐溶液的作用下，SBS改性沥青的水稳定性有一定下降。通过掺加短纤维增强的方法。可以减弱海水及硫酸盐溶液对混合料水稳定性的影响。     

基于光纤通信的半自动闭塞系统

分析了半自动闭塞系统的功能需求，指出了继电半自动闭塞系统的不足。给出了基于光纤通信网的计算机半自动闭塞系统设计方案。研制光纤半自动闭塞系统的工程样机并成功应用于舞钢线铁山等车站，应用效果表明，该系统满足半自动闭塞系统的功能和安全需求。     

局域光纤IP电话的性能研究

提出并分析了基于光纤网络的IP电话系统，针对IP电话网中的时延，抖动，数据包丢失等关键问题分别进行分析。找出了取消网关，路由器和采用光纤化等解决方法，比较基于H．232协议的IP电话与基于SIP协议的光纤IP电话系统，发现利用光纤网能很好补偿时延和改善数据包丢失等问题，提高系统的抗干扰能力，使IP电话系统的性能得到很大提高，采用排队论进行了流量分析，证明以上方法是有效的。