Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia

We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year^− 1), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year^− 1), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year^− 1) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year^− 1). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO₂ to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO₂ emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.     

一种具有鲁棒性的磁链观测器在异步电机直接转矩控制中的应用

对磁链的准确估计在异步电机直接转矩控制中具有至关重要的作用．针对参数不确定电机模型．利用Lyapunov函数方法，给出了一种基于线性矩阵不等式（LMI）的具有鲁棒性的磁链观测器设计方法．得到了磁链观测器辨识的收敛性条件：相对于基于参数辩识磁链估计方法，其计算量很小．容易满足实时性控制的要求、仿真结果表明．磁链受定转子电月且不确定性变化影响较小．具有较强的鲁捧性．     

永磁同步电机不同工况下定转子铁耗分析

永磁电机在不同的工况下产生的铁耗大小不尽相同.采用采样得到的驱动器供电下永磁电机实际电流作为激励,对电机进行二维有限元计算,分别获得了工作于空载、最大转矩电流比控制及弱磁不同工况下的磁密波形,进而计算铁耗.分别计算了12槽8极(分数槽)的试样永磁电机及24槽8极(整数槽)电机工作在不同工况下铁耗.通过二者比较分析铁耗产生的原因,经过与试验对比,结果表明该计算方式有较高的准确性,可以用于分析电机铁耗产生的原因及指导高效率电机的设计.     

健胃愈疡颗粒对慢性胃炎伴幽门螺杆菌感染胃黏膜PAF、PS2的表达及对上皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察健胃愈疡颗粒(JWYY)对幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎胃黏膜乳癌相关肽(PS2)和血小板活化因子(plate-let activating factor,PAF)表达的变化,并分析其可能的作用机制。方法80例幽门螺杆菌感染慢性胃炎患者随机分为2组,治疗组42例给予健胃愈疡颗粒治疗,对照组38例给予西药三联药物治疗。应用胃镜下活检胃黏膜组织快速尿素酶和Warthin-Starry染色法检测幽门螺杆菌,应用Western blot检测PS2、PAF表达变化。应用末端转移酶介导的dUTP切口末段标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡。第4周复查胃镜。结果治疗组凋亡指数明显比对照组减少(P<0.05),治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。Western blot检测显示:JWYY颗粒可上调PS2并下调PAF的表达,而对照组对胃黏膜PS2和PAF的表达影响不大。结论健胃愈疡颗粒治疗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)相关性胃炎可能与杀灭Hp、上调PS2和下调PAF的表达来抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

喷水推进船航速预报的动量通量试验技术发展现状

喷水推进是与中高速船舶相匹配的一种具有时代特征的先进推进方式,显著提高了船舶的快速性与操纵性,广泛应用于国内外高性能船舶。开展基于动量通量的试验技术研究,可有效提高喷水推进船舶航速预报精度,促进喷水推进技术快速发展与应用。本文在梳理喷水推进船模自航试验研究成果的基础上,分析了当今国际上喷水推进自航试验主流方法"动量通量法"的原理与关键技术以及应用状况,对航速预报精度有显著影响的流量、进出口动量通量的测量方法以及喷水推进装置对船体的作用等参数的测量方法进行了归纳,在此基础上针对国内外的差距,提出了我国发展相关技术的建议。     

直线感应电动机直接推力控制及其仿真

介绍了一种与旋转电机模型类似的单边直线感应电动机动态模型,该模型考虑了边端效应对电机参数及性能的影响,这对于习惯使用经典旋转电动机模型的工程技术人员而言是极其方便的。基于该模型,推导出了直接推力控制的磁链观测单元,并在此基础上建立了直接推力控制直线感应电机传动系统的Matlab/Simulink仿真,进行了初步的应用分析。仿真结果与分析结论初步表明该系统在直线感应电动机控制中的可行性及鲁棒性。     

混合励磁同步发电机电压控制原理分析与实现

为解决永磁发电机输出电压不可控的问题,研究了一种新型结构的混合励磁同步发电机.利用有限元方法计算了电机中永磁和电励磁的磁场分布.根据对永磁发电机输出电压的要求,制定了励磁调节系统的控制策略,讨论了调节过程.为验证混合励磁同步发电机的电压调节能力,设计制造了2.5 kW实验样机及励磁调节系统,并进行实验测试.结果表明:空载运行时,混合励磁同步发电机输出电压为永磁与电励磁部分的合成电势;负载运行时,随着负载的增加,通过调节励磁电流的大小改变了气隙磁通,输出电压稳定在135 V.     

未知负载和转子电阻的交流感应电机自适应控制

基于自适应观测控制器设计了三相交流感应电机调速系统,该控制器在未知电机转子电阻和负载及不需要测量磁链情况下,可同时且不受限制地单独控制电机转速(转矩)和磁链.控制器只测量转速、电压和电流信号自适应估计磁链和未知参数.用该控制方法设计了两相坐标轴磁场定向电机模型,系统不存在非线性,因此适合离散化和DSP系统的数字实现.     

基于新型磁链观测器的无速度传感器感应电机控制技术研究

提出一种由补偿式的二阶带通滤波器电压磁链观测模型,基于该补偿电压模型,构成新的磁链估计器.为了解决磁链观测器多平衡状态的问题,提出以提高磁链估计精度的方法、对不同类型感应电动机磁通观测器的控制技术进行研究.对传统的模型参考自适应速度估计方法进行改进,基于补偿式二阶带通滤波器电压磁链观测模式作为参考模型,速度估计的精度提高.同时对基于新型磁链观测器的无速度传感器感应电机控制技术进行研究,然后通过仿真验证.     

The use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a particulate tracer in the water column of Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon

Time-series samples of settling particles were collected in the water column of Gaoping (formerly spelled Kaoping) Submarine Canyon (KPSC) with two sediment traps on taut-line moorings deployed at two different depths (60 and 280 m) between May 26 and June 27, 2004. Average total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations of upper and lower trap array samples were 310 ± 61 ng g^− 1 dw (range: 200–440) and 240 ± 36 ng g^− 1 dw (range: 180–290), respectively. Principal component analysis results suggest that PAH sources in the trap-collected particles included diesel vehicle/coal burning, diagenetic sources, and petroleum release. PAH downward fluxes based on settling particles were estimated to be 12–44 μg m^− 2 d^− 1. These values are higher than those reported in the literature for most coastal areas. During the sampling period, both traps were significantly tilted by tidal current and fluctuated vertically. The upper traps experienced greater vertical movements, thus their particle characteristics (e.g., POC, particle mass, and fine particle fraction) varied more than those of the lower traps. Hourly depth variations of the tilted sediment trap array were echoed by the corresponding total PAH concentrations. Moreover, the PAH composition of the collected particles was related to the flow direction and speed. These observations suggest that PAHs can be used as an effective chemical tracer for the transport of terrestrial and marine particulates in a complex aquatic environment like Gaoping (Kaoping) Submarine Canyon.