豫西农村公路的选择——水泥砼路

修建水泥砼路面具有施工方便，后期养护成本低，经济适用等优点，是豫西山区农村公路的最佳选择。     

辽宁农业劳动生产率变动及影响因素分析

按照时间序列分析辽宁农业劳动生产率的变动趋势，运用人均耕地面积、灌溉率、劳均化肥施用量、结构调整系数、机电提灌面积占有效灌溉面积比重等指标构建影响农业劳动生产率的模型，结果表明农业产业结构调整、劳均化肥施用量、灌溉率对劳动生产率的影响非常显著．因此，应该加快农业产业结构调整、推进科学技术在农业生产中的应用、加强农业基础设施建设、提高公共服务水平．     

How do economies of density in container handling operations affect ships’ time and emissions in port? Evidence from Norwegian container terminals

Efficient port services are prerequisites for competitive and sustainable maritime transports. This paper makes advances in studying the determinants of the time that ships spend in port and the associated emissions to air. We estimate a production model for cargo handling based on a unique dataset containing each port of call at the largest container terminals in Norway in 2014. In turn, we use auxiliary engine emission factors to estimate particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions from ships at berth, to determine how the corresponding damage costs of air pollution vary with container throughput, location, and terminal investments. We find that Norwegian container terminals operate under increasing returns to density. Small ships that unload few containers are far from reaping economies of density, leading to high marginal time requirements for container handling and consequently high marginal external costs. From a Pigouvian taxation perspective, port charges should therefore be regressive in the number of containers handled. Moreover, we find that the external costs of maritime transports are severely understated when port operations are ignored. Our model allows determining the marginal productivities of port facilities. Thereby, it is instrumental in designing port charges that are diversified according to the quantity of containers handled and the service quality (i.e., the speed of handling operations). Regarding contextual factors, we find that establishing high-frequent liner services improves the ship working rate, while simultaneous calls at a terminal impede productivity. The type of container (loading/unloading; empty/laden) also appears to influence the duration of ship working.     

鲜活农产品物流管理与运作分析

由于鲜活农产品的时效性、分散性,目前国内很少对这类产品物流进行系统研究;鲜活农产品物流的合理发展不仅促进农民经济收入,而且有效引导农村剩余劳动力转移。以寿光市蔬菜物流中心为例,分析了鲜活农产品物流现状和特点,提出了鲜活农产品物流运作模式,同时也为山东省发展农产品物流运作模式提出了建议。     

Public transit subsidies, output effect and total factor productivity

This paper extends previous works on total factor productivity decomposition when firms receive both operating and capital subsidies. It shows that previous works considered either the lump-sum or substitution effects of these subsidies but not together. Using constrained cost minimization as the framework it offers formal proofs to show that cost increases are inevitable if the total effects of the subsidies are considered, and that total factor productivity growth results from increasing amounts of subsidies under economies of scale and in the absence of technical change. Applications of the decomposition equations derived to a sample of transit systems finds near constant returns to scale and negative contributions of these subsidies to total factor productivity growth. Technical change reverses this decline and results in total factor productivity growth. Further, it finds that the lump-sum effects of the subsidies reduce total factor productivity more than does the substitution effect.     

农业机械的保养与维修研究

随着改革开放以来,我国的经济得到了快速的发展,第一产业和第二产业都得到了有效的发展。众所周知,我国是农业大国,农业生产是国民经济中的重要组成部分,随着我国工业的发展,我国都农业也得到了飞速的发展。其主要为农业提供机械的生产,以促进农业的发展以及农业水平的提高。在农业机械的逐步推广,我国的农业农村发展发生了翻天覆地的变化。但是我国农业机械在发展的过程中,我国的农业机械在保养和维修方面存在不足,大多数人对这方面的知识比较欠缺,导致农业机械得不到保障而容易损坏,或者不能有效的维修,导致资源的浪费。因此,在农业的发展过程中,其农业机械应该得到有效的保养和维修,只有这样,才能更好地促进我国农业的发展。基于此,本文主要以农业机械的保养和维修展开表阐述,以此来为众多的农业生产者提供更多地经验和借鉴。     

生产率管理系统模型及其应用研究

从生产率管理的含义出发，提出了工程项目生产率管理系统理论模型。研究了该模型的运行机制，并在其指导下，结合工程项目管理的实际，构造了生产率测度与管理实用模型（ＭＰＩ）。最后结合算例对ＭＰＩ模型的应用进行了分析，表明该模型简便有效，适用于工程项目现场，其计算结果为承包商进行生产率降低损失索赔的辨识、分析，以及生产率控制与改善提供了有力的依据。     

微型顶管施工技术在农污治理中的应用

针对农村生活污水治理工程污水管道口径小、乡村道路狭窄、大型施工设备进出不便等特点,结合海盐县农污处理设施工程,介绍了微型顶管二次工法工艺流程及施工过程.总结了微型顶管顶进速度快、工作坑占地面积小、管道铺设精度高、对环境影响小等优点,认为微型顶管在一般砂性、黏性地质条件下具有良好的应用效果,为农污治理项目提供了较好的解决方案.     

Examining the influence of multidestination service orientation on transit service productivity: a multivariate analysis

Between 1990 and 2000, U.S. transit agencies added service and increased ridership, but the ridership increase failed to keep pace with the service increase. The result was a decline in service effectiveness (or productivity). This marks the continuation of a long-running and often-studied trend. The scholarly literature attributes this phenomenon, at least in part, to transit agency decisions to decentralize their service rather than focus on serving the traditional CBD market. Many scholars argue that a decentralized service orientation is both ineffective and inefficient because it attracts few riders and requires large per-rider subsidies. This research tests whether a non-traditional, decentralized service orientation, called multidestination service, results in reduced service productivity. Contrary to what the literature suggests, we find that MSAs whose transit agencies pursued a multidestination service orientation did not experience lower productivity. These results indicate that policies that have encouraged the growth of decentralized transit services have not necessarily been detrimental to the industry.

对农村物流相关概念及关系的认识

在综合分析不同学者对农村物流概念的认识的基础上,将现有理论划分为空间论、农产品核心论以及“大农村物流”论。通过分析不同理论的合理性与不合理性,探索性、创新性地提出农村物流的概念。在此基础上,对农村物流、农产品物流、农业物流的概念和关系进行了分析。