基于问卷调查的公众交通安全意识评价方法

为了评价公众交通安全意识,进而明确不同年龄、不同受教育程度、不同职业和不同出行方式的公众群体交通安全意识的差异性,对公众交通安全意识调查数据进行了量化分析。首先,基于自主编制的公众交通安全意识问卷对5 029名参与者进行了调查;其次,对回收的问卷进行因子分析和信度、效度检验,得到了交通安全行为、交通安全态度和交通管理认知3个因子;最后,选取上述因子作为3个一级评价指标,因子所含条目作为17个二级评价指标,对公众交通安全意识进行评价,采用主成分分析法计算因子得分,并应用熵值法确定一级评价指标权重,再通过灰色关联分析计算灰色关联度,最终根据模糊综合评价得出不同公众群体的交通安全意识水平。研究结果表明：不同年龄段的公众中,18~40岁群体交通安全意识水平最高（b=0.79）,41~65岁（b=0.44）和65岁以上（b=0.45）群体交通安全意识水平较低;不同受教育程度的公众中,专科学历群体的交通安全意识水平最高（b=1）,小学及以下学历群体其交通安全意识水平较低（b=0.33）;不同职业的公众中,事业单位人员群体的交通安全意识水平最高（b=0.93）,农民群体的交通安全意识水平较低（b=0.33）;不同出行方式的公众中,以公交车为主要出行方式的群体其交通安全意识水平最高（b=0.91）,而以三轮车（b=0.35）和自行车（b=0.36）为主要出行方式的群体其交通安全意识水平较低。研究结果可用于不同公众群体交通安全意识的度量,并为不同群体的交通安全意识提升方法制定提供理论依据。     

加强航海人员VTS意识的必要性

文中首先阐述了VTS的重要性,为进一步发挥VTS作用,提出了加强航海人员VTS意识的必要性,并结合案例进一步论证航海人员VTS意识的重要性,最后结合国际公约及国家的相关规则,对现有航海人员的培训提出细化及增添的建议,提出了通过岸基管理、航海人员的培训及港口国监督等方法来提升航海人员的VTS意识。     

严冬回暖中的航运企业生存与发展问题的探讨

由美国次贷危机而引发的金融危机对全球航运市场产生了严重影响,对航运市场特别是干散货市场和集装箱市场造成了巨大的冲击,使航运市场跌入低谷。虽然现在有回暖的趋势,但今年的行情仍然不容乐观。航运企业应该及时调整经营策略,采取积极的应对措施,将金融危机给企业带来的损失降低到最小程度。     

Public Perception of Ocean Governance and Marine Resources Management in Taiwan

Understanding public perception of the oceans, and relationship between society and the sea is an important key to the sustainable management of marine resources. This research reports the first population-based survey on Taiwanese public knowledge, attitudes, and actions on marine-related issues. The stratified random sampling by county was completed with 1,120 telephone respondents from October to December 2010. More than 60% of the respondents have heard about global warming, sea-level rising, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, the coral reef bleaching crisis, and Japan whaling fisheries. However, less than 20% of the respondents are aware of Taiwanese domestic marine policies, such as the Ocean White Paper. On resources conservation, 74.7% of the respondents support the bluefin tuna catches regulations and 76.6% agree that the shark fin fisheries will impact shark resources. Education and age are the major affecting variables for resource conservation and knowledge. Higher education and age 40–49 are most supportive of conservation measures. For marine recreational activities, 42.2% of the respondents can swim, and 44.2% of the respondents had not visited the beach in the previous year. The results suggest that the government could establish a specialized agency to strengthen its marine policy and take more actions to protect ocean environment and conserve marine resources. To encourage more Taiwanese to participate in ocean recreational activities, the government could build a safe facility for marine recreation, cooperate with the private sectors in education, and provide outreach to raise public awareness of the oceans.     

A measurement to driving situation awareness in signalized intersections

Drivers get involved easily in Left-Turn Across Path with Opposite Direction Traffic (LTAP-OD) conflicts at signalized intersection with unprotected left-turn phasing. This study classified the left-turn drivers’ performance into four types: (1) the correct acceptance of safe lags/gaps, (2) the correct rejection of dangerous lags/gaps, (3) the false rejection of safe lags/gaps and (4) the false acceptance of dangerous lags/gaps. Based on the high mounted video camera data, the logistic regression model was used to obtain the critical gaps for estimating whether the lags/gaps were safe or not. The results show that the cognition behavior of the left-turn drivers should be improved while the gap/lag is drawn near the critical gap. Furthermore, the conservative drivers are more likely to reject the larger lags/gaps and yield the right-of-way to the opposing vehicles. Simultaneously the poor response execution may cause drivers to have difficulties during the turning performance when the lags/gaps are large enough. These results could be used as the basis for a discussion of the right time to support the drivers.     

北京市地铁乘客安检安全意识调查分析

近年来,国内外地铁安全事故时有发生,地铁安检作为应对安全隐患的有效防范手段,加强其检查力度也成为国内各个地铁安全部门的共识。安检会增加乘客的延误时间,使乘客对地铁安检颇有微词,乘客与安检员发生冲突的事件也屡有发生。为增强乘客的地铁安全意识,改进安检流程,通过问卷调查和统计分析,对北京市地铁乘客进行调查,分析其评价水平及影响因素。结果表明,北京市地铁乘客的平均安全意识得分为74.16分,为中等水平,其中安全行为、安全态度、安全知识三个维度分别处于较高、中等、较低水平。该调查有助于地铁安全部门有针对性地制定地铁安检的宣传方案,提高服务水平,改善安检流程。     

制约绿色建筑发展的原因及策略分析

对制约绿色建筑在国内推广与应用的诸多因素进行深入分析,阐明了发展缓慢的原因,发现绿色建筑的发展应当结合"政策性、经济性、技术性、适用性、环保性"原则;在遵循此原则的前提下,提出从资源易得性、资源循环利用、更新观念、强化绿色意识、确立战略目标等方面入手,稳步发展绿色建筑的策略。     

基于模糊理论的大学生安全意识评价实证研究

国内对于青年大学生的安全意识研究分二大类:一是对青年大学生安全意识的调查研究,二是对青年大学生某方面安全意识培养研究。但对青年大学生安全意识自身结构、影响因素及综合评价进行深层次的研究,目前这个方面研究还是空白。本文在调查问卷获取大量的数据和资料基础上,应用相应的统计分析方法,结合相应的影响因素,提出如何对青年大学生安全意识的强弱程度进行衡量和评定的方法,提出了系统论的观点和模糊综合评价测评安全意识的数学模型,对青年大学生的安全意识现状进行定量评价。     

考虑环保意识的低碳出行行为研究

低碳交通是城市交通发展的必然选择.为定量分析出行者环保意识对低碳出行选择行为的影响,本文基于出行者环保行为和环保态度,利用Rasch模型,构建了出行者潜在的环保意识.将出行者潜在的环保意识作为解释变量带入多变量Probit模型中,分析出行者环保意识对私家车限制政策赞同度和购买纯电动车意愿的影响.研究结果表明：在出行者低碳出行行为中,带入出行者环保意识能够提高模型的拟合度;环保意识对多设公交专用道、通过提高燃油税和停车费等减少市中心小汽车量的赞同度的平均边际效用为0.127、0.144;环保意识对现阶段、未来基础设施完善时购买纯电动汽车意愿的平均边际效用为0.133、0.116;未来购买纯电动汽车意愿比现阶段购买纯电动汽车意愿高0.182.     

基于元胞自动机的拖挂车弯道转弯模型及仿真

根据拖挂车在弯道行驶的受力情况,推导出在车辆正常行驶和发生甩尾情况下车轮的行驶轨迹;并设计了状态感知向量及分量取值条件,以便驾驶员能对当前交通状况和外界环境的感知作出相应地加速、减速和转向等决策;在此基础上建立了基于元胞自动机的重型拖挂车弯道转弯模型。设计了一组特定环境下转弯路段的交通流仿真实验,仿真结果表明该模型能够对存在拖挂车较多的弯道设计参数进行检验和修正的有效性和可行性。