城市轨道交通开发利益作用机理与影响范围研究

城市轨道交通建设运营会给轨道交通线路沿线区域内的土地和不动产带来巨大的开发利益。本文从城市轨道交通引起轨道交通线路沿线区域内的土地和不动产增值的基本原理入手,分析城市轨道交通利益发生、扩散和转移的作用过程,借鉴国外学者的相关研究成果,阐明了城市轨道交通利益最终归属的基本特征;在此基础上,重点对城市轨道交通开发利益的影响范围进行研究,根据出行可达性一致的原则建立了城市轨道交通开发利益影响范围的初步计算模型,针对上海轨道交通1号线各车站的开发利益影响范围进行了试算;同时,根据实际调查数据对上海轨道交通1号线莘庄站的开发利益影响范围进行了对比分析,验证了模型计算结果;此外还提出了有待进一步深化研究的问题。     

沪杭磁浮线的社会经济效益分析

沪杭磁浮线对长江三角洲的经济将会带来巨大影响,同时其投入资金巨大.从可量化效益(节约乘客出行时间、提高安全性、提高乘客的劳动生产率、节约城市土地、降低污染、带动沿线不动产的增值、节约能源)和不可量化效益(改善交通促进城市发展、改善居民生活质量)这两大方面对沪杭磁浮线的社会经济效益进行分析.     

汽车综合性能检测站经济效益分析

黑龙江省汽车综合性能检测站数量已逐渐趋于饱和,有些地区建站后即面临亏损,为避免投资失误并减少投资浪费,有必要对检测站的效益进行分析研究。主要分析了检测站的基本投资、基本支出和收入来源,通过逐项列举和估算,可以对检测站建站的可行性有详细认识,为最后决策提供参考。对经济效益的若干影响因素进行分析,为经营者增加效益提供帮助。     

橡胶沥青应力吸收层的效益分析

废胶粉在公路工程中应用范围很广,通过对橡胶沥青应力吸收层、聚酯玻纤布应力吸收层和乳化沥青封层三种施工工艺的经济效益进行计算和对比,并详细介绍橡胶在沥青应力吸收层中的应用,对于解决社会环保问题、提高道路的经济效益具有重要意义。     

军交运输系统的"二律背反"现象及应对策略

"二律背反"是指相互联系的两种力量运动规律之间存在的相互排斥现象。分析了军交运输系统存在的各种"二律背反"现象以及产生的原因,提出了降低军交运输"二律背反"的有关策略,研究有利于促进军交运输系统的协调发展和综合保障效益的提高。     

The role of volume-delay functions in forecasting and evaluating congestion charging schemes: the Stockholm case

This paper uses observations from before and during the Stockkholm congestion charging trial in order to validate and improve a transportation model for Stockholm. The model overestimates the impact of the charges on traffic volumes while at the same time it substantially underestimates the impact on travel times. These forecast errors lead to considerable underestimation of economic benefits which are dominated by travel time savings. The source of error lies in the static assignment that is used in the model. Making the volume-delay functions (VDFs) steeper only marginally improves the quality of forecast but strongly impacts the result of benefit calculations. We therefore conclude that the dynamic assignment is crucial for an informed decision on introducing measures aimed at relieving congestion. However, in the absence of such a calibrated dynamic model for a city, we recommend that at least a sensitivity analysis with respect to the slope of VDFs is performed.     

城市轨道交通项目后评价体系研究

分析我国城市轨道交通项目后评价的研究现状,建立城市轨道交通项目后评价体系,包括过程后评价、效益和影响后评价、可持续性后评价和综合后评价四个部分,并详细介绍各部分内容。     

沥青混凝土路面预防性养护效益计算及参数

路面预养护效益分析是路面预养护技术的核心,是比选预养护方案和确定实施时机的前提。根据美国等路面预养护效益分析的经验,结合我国公路养护技术水平,对沥青混凝土路面预养护效益分析中的效益指标、效益计算基线和预养护时间范围展开了讨论;进而,提出我国现阶段沥青混凝土路面预养护分析中效益指标选用建议和它们计算下基线的参考值,以及预养护时间范围的控制指标和控制标准的建议值。     

Exploring active transportation investments and associated benefits for municipal budgets: a scoping review

Municipalities play an important role in the planning and development of communities that support active transportation (AT), which refers to human-powered modes of travel, such as walking and cycling. Municipal-level stakeholders involved in land-use and transportation infrastructure planning consider multiple social, environmental and economic considerations to inform decision-making and investments in AT. Evidence around the fiscal benefits of AT investment for local governments has not been systematically identified. This scoping review sought to explore the existing evidence regarding investments in AT and opportunities for savings on municipal expenditures and revenue generation. In total, 7060 records were located and screened; of which 162 full-text articles were reviewed. Ultimately, 23 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The available evidence focuses on potential economic benefits of AT in the areas of tax revenues, property values, consumer spending and employment, all of which are relevant sources of revenue generation in municipal operating budgets. An evidence gap was identified regarding AT infrastructure investments and benefits corresponding to municipal expenditures (e.g. maintenance cost savings). Notably, a large portion of literature was published after 2009, suggesting that municipal-level evidence on the fiscal benefits of AT investments may just be emerging.     

轨道交通开发利益还原计算方法研究

在介绍以往研究内容的基础上,建立计算轨道交通开发对土地价值增长影响的模型,选取地块中心点离最近的轨道交通车站的距离和离最近的轨道交通换乘站的距离作为模型的自变量,土地价值增长大小作为模型的因变量,并根据已有的调查数据,建立新的地价函数关系模型。该方法提高了模型的适用性,并且能够获得更好的数据结果。