出口船舶建造贷款贷后风险管理

根据银行对出口在建船舶贷款形成的不良资产情况,作者认为进行随机的贷后检查是防范与控制风险的重要途径.在建船舶贷款的贷后风险管理主要包括贷款资金的封闭式管理、船厂的风险管理、造船项目的监管、船东付款管理、外部风险管理和危机管理六个方面.     

“国有民营”一符合地铁本质特征的运营模式

指出地铁运营模式的选择应充分考虑到地铁的本质特性,分析地铁具有线路部分的自然垄断性与运营部分的非自然垄断性、公共性与企业性并存、极强的外部效应等特点,得出“国有民营”是一种符合地铁长质特征的运营模式的结论,并推出新加坡地铁的例证。     

带漂角和输入饱和的水面船舶航向控制

[目的]为处理水面船舶航向控制过程中受到的非零漂角和输入饱和影响,提出一种基于反步法的航向控制方法。[方法]首先,利用相对速度求出实际漂角,再通过漂角对航向角误差进行修正;然后,采用一种预滤波方法减小航向改变时对航速变化的影响,同时引入双曲正切函数和Nussbaum函数逼近输入约束,结合自适应律对逼近误差和艏摇方向上的扰动进行估计;最后,借助指令滤波器简化反推过程,并通过Lyapunov理论证明控制系统的稳定性。[结果]仿真结果表明,所提控制器有效减小了水面船舶的航向输出误差,且能始终保持较小的控制输入力矩。[结论]研究成果可为水面船舶航向控制设计提供参考。     

The effects of federal transit subsidy policy on investment decisions: The case of San Francisco's Geary Corridor

In the United States, federal funding for public transit often accounts for a large proportion of a local agency's budget, especially for capital investments. For this reason, local governments can be expected to plan a portfolio of projects that maximize federal contributions. This study examines the financial effects of federal transit subsidy policy on local transit investment decisions. Data from a System Planning Study for the Geary Corridor in San Francisco are used as an illustration. It is found that federal transit subsidy policy provides financial incentives for local decision-makers to select capital-intensive investment options that may not be efficient or effective. While federal financial incentives are not the only factor influencing local investment decisions, some reform of the current subsidy policy may be necessary to reduce the incentive for ineffective use of public resources.     

双闭环控制对Buck类变换器动态响应的影响

Buck类变换器最基本的控制方式包括单电压闭环控制以及电压电流双闭环控制.相较于单电压闭环控制,基于输出电压外环、电感电流内环的双闭环控制方式具有稳态性能好、动态响应速度快、抗干扰能力强等优势.本文从阻抗的角度揭示闭环控制对Buck类变换器动态响应特性的影响机理,并进行了比较分析.最后,通过仿真验证了本文提出的阻抗分析...     

商业银行资本配置风险管理

商业银行风险管理的核心问题是商业银行资本和风险精确地匹配。本文借鉴国际经验,结合我国商业银行的实际情况,提出了从资本配置的角度对商业银行的整体经营风险进行有效地控制和管理。商业银行的风险管理应建立呆帐准备金、资本充足率、存款保险制度三道防线,在商业银行内部需要建立以VaR为基础的风险评估框架模型,使资本和风险匹配更加精确。     

泛亚铁路资本运作方式探索

泛亚铁路有东线、西线、中线三种方案,每种方案的国际资本构成将会各不相同;中国在每种方案里的投资策略也各不相同;泛亚铁路工程的中国资本运作方式有多种,其中值得重视的有向泛亚铁路股份有限公司投资入股、BOT投资方式、逆向BOT投资方式、给予沿线有关国家以国家贷款(以泛亚铁路的收益为担保)等;泛亚铁路工程资本运作应重点解决为各类投资主体提供必要国家保护、予以适当外汇管理优惠和税收优惠等问题;良好的泛亚铁路工程资本运作将使东盟——中国自由贸易区17亿人民从中受惠.     

存在饱和输入的欠驱动船舶航迹跟踪控制

针对控制输入存在饱和限制的欠驱动船舶的航迹跟踪问题,提出鲁棒饱和控制方法。以船舶纵向速度和艏向角速度为虚拟输入,设计饱和运动学控制器,并引入二阶滤波器形式对控制器进行简化;利用反步法并引入Nussbaum型函数,设计饱和动力学控制器,以实现对任意光滑航迹的跟踪控制,并保证跟踪误差收敛至零点附近的一个有界区域内。仿真算例验证了设计方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

Effect of Seismic Parameters on the Safety Factor for an Underground Cavern北大核心CSCD

In order to quantitatively evaluate the safety of the surrounding rock of an underground cavern under seis-mic load, a comprehensive evaluation method for the stability of surrounding rock is proposed based on the general safety factor and point safety factor. A calculation method for the general safety factor of a cavern based on the prin-ciple of shear strength reduction of a rock mass is given, the run-through of the plastic zone between the main power-house and main transformer room is presented as a critical criterion for the overall instability of the cavern, and the general safety factor is obtained by searching for the reduction coefficient. A point safety factor calculation method based on the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is given. The influence of different seismic input parameters on the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions are studied based on an underground power-house cavern of a hydropower station in Southwest China. The results show that the quantitative evaluation method for the stability of the surrounding rock based on the safety factor is feasible and can reflect the general safety de-gree and local safety degree of different positions of the cavern for different working conditions. It is found that the general safety factor of the cavern and the point safety factor of key positions decrease with an increase of the ampli-tude and duration of a seismic wave while they increase with an increase of the incident angle; additionally, the low frequency of a seismic wave has a great influence on the cavern while the high frequency has little effect. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters

Within the frame of a Sino-German Joint Research Program, two cruises of “R/V Dong Fang Hong 2” were carried out in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999, respectively, to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the Bohai. Nutrient species (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻ and SiO₃²⁻) are determined colorimetrically on board for five anchor and 30 grid stations. In situ incubation experiments are performed to determine planktonic nutrient uptake and benthic exchange flux. Nutrient concentrations display short-term variability and seasonal change in the Bohai, with higher levels in shallow coastal waters than in the Central Bohai. The influence of riverine discharge on nutrient levels can be seen from salinity isopleths, nutrient distribution and species ratios. Near-bottom (nb) waters have similar nutrient concentrations as to the surface waters in the Central Bohai, whereas stratification takes place in the Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. In situ incubation experiments provide evidence that the uptake ratio (i.e. N, P) by phytoplankton is proportional to the ratios among nutrient species in ambient waters. Based on the data of this study and previously publications, a preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets via riverine input and atmospheric deposition is established. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition gains importance over rivers in delivering nutrients into the Bohai and sustain the new production, following recent decrease in riverine inflow caused by drought periods in North China and damming practices. A historical review of nutrient data indicates that concentrations of nitrogen increase and phosphorus and silica decrease in the Central Bohai over last 40 years. This potentially has an important influence on the health of ecosystem in Bohai (e.g. food web and community structure), though further study is needed to examine the scenario in more detail.