Innovative strategies for urban car-sharing systems and a simulator to assess their performance

In this paper, three innovative car-sharing systems for urban areas are proposed, based on fleets of individual intelligent vehicles with three service characteristics: instant access, open-ended reservations and one-way trips. These features provide high flexibility but create an uneven distribution of vehicles among stations. Therefore, relocation of vehicles must be performed. Three different system procedures are proposed: in the first system, relocations are performed by users; in the other two, vehicles relocate automatically, thanks to their automation. In the first two systems, vehicles are accessible only at stations, whereas in the third they are also accessible along roads. In order to provide transport managers with a tool to test systems in different realities, an object-oriented simulator is developed. The simulation provides outputs of system performance, in terms of user waiting times and system efficiency. The proposed systems are simulated for the city of Genoa, in Italy, and a comparative analysis is presented.     

基于不确定需求的电动汽车共享系统规划方法

电动汽车共享有助于解决交通拥堵和环境污染问题。为提高电动汽车共享系统效率，保 障系统的可持续性，本文考虑共享需求的不确定性，提出单向电动汽车共享系统最优配置方法。 首先，以多情景处理共享需求的不确定性，以车站和状态集计车辆和调度员，考虑需求价格弹性， 构建共享电动汽车系统配置模型。然后，针对3类共享出行需求价格弹性函数，根据需求为整数 的特点，设计基于割线的外逼策略，提出用于模型求解的外点法。最后，算例证实了考虑共享需 求不确定性的必要性，分析了共享需求方差、弹性以及需求量对共享电动汽车系统利润的影响。 研究结果表明，共享电动汽车系统利润随需求量和需求方差的增加而增加，随需求弹性绝对值的 增加而减少。     

基于动态定价的共享汽车自适应调度策略

汽车共享在满足居民日益增长的出行需求的同时,也能有效缓解私家车快速发展带来的交通拥堵等问题.但由于用户出行随机性的特征,汽车共享供需平衡的解决成为关键问题.价格优惠激励的用户自适应调度作为一种有效的解决办法被提出,在450份用户问卷调查的基础上系统分析动态定价对消费者取还车行为的影响机制,并进一步利用自动控制原理以系统不平衡指数作为控制变量,构建动态定价机制下共享汽车自适应调度模型.最后,本文以上海汽车城运营的EVCARD汽车分时租赁项目为案例,证明基于动态定价的自适应调度策略可使得系统不平衡指数下降42%.