铁路站台雨棚风洞试验取值规律的探讨

研究目的:铁路无站台柱雨棚为四周开敞建筑,通常采用钢结构形式,为风敏感结构,本文通过对14个无站台柱雨棚风洞试验的结果进行分析,归纳总结其共性特征,并与现行《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB 50009—2001)进行对比分析,得出无站台柱雨棚风荷载体型系数的一些分布规律,为结构计算提供参考。研究结论:(1)铁路无站台柱雨棚风压系数介于0.1～0.9之间,风吸系数介于-0.3～-2.0之间;(2)试验得出的风压体型系数一般小于《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB 50009—2001)类似参考值,而风吸体型系数两者较为接近;(3)檐口、洞口处的风荷载具有放大效应。     

抽气式涡轮帆的气动力学分析研究

介绍了抽气式涡轮帆的结构和工作原理,使用Gambit软件建立了涡轮帆的模型,并采用RNG k-ε湍流模型描述了涡轮帆的动力学特性。利用Fluent软件对抽气式涡轮帆进行了数值模拟计算,并与风洞试验数据进行了对比,升阻力系数的模拟结果与试验数据变化趋势基本一致。计算了特定情况下椭圆筒不同偏转角时的升阻力系数,并模拟了不同旋转角下吸气强度以及旋转角为0°时分流板位置对涡轮帆升阻力系数的影响,为涡轮帆的优化选择提供了依据。     

基于高雷诺数的并联双圆柱绕流研究

文章采用基于边界瞬时涡量守候的拉格朗日方法(IVCBC),结合并列双圆柱的特点,建立了双圆柱绕流数值计算模型。对高雷诺数下Re=6×10~4,间隙率为T/D=1.1~7的并联圆柱双圆柱二维绕流特性进行了研究。提出了双圆柱间隙中点的速度区别宽窄尾流的新方法。分别讨论了流体力系数随间距增加的特点,脉动流体力的特点,尾流特征以及斯托哈尔数特征。研究发现:区别宽窄尾流的新方法是可靠的;在双圆柱尾流附近有五种尾流模型存在;同时发现了在宽窄尾流的频率,存在一个中间频率。     

On the numerical accuracy of the prediction of resistance coefficients in ship stern flow calculations

This article presents a study on the accuracy of the numerical determination of the friction and pressure resistance coefficients of ship hulls. The investigation was carried out for the KVLCC2 tanker at model- and full-scale Reynolds numbers. Gravity waves were neglected, i.e., we adopted the so-called double-model flow. Single-block grids with H–O topology were adopted for all the calculations. Three eddy viscosity models were employed: the one-equation eddy viscosity and the two-equation models proposed by Menter and the TNT version of the two-equation k-ω model. Verification exercises were performed in sets of nearly geometrically similar grids with different densities in the streamwise, normal, and girthwise directions. The friction and pressure resistance coefficients were calculated for different levels of the iterative error and for computational domains of different size. The results show that on the level of grid refinement used, it is possible to calculate the viscous resistance coefficients in H–O grids that do not match the ship contour with a numerical uncertainty of less than 1%. The differences between the predictions of different turbulence models were larger than the numerical uncertainty; however, these differences tended to decrease with increases in the Reynolds number. The pressure resistance was remarkably sensitive to domain size and far-field boundary conditions. Either a large domain or the application of a viscous–inviscid interaction procedure is needed for reliable results. This work was presented in part at the International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering—MARINE 2007, Barcelona, June 3–4, 2007.     

分体式箱梁桥荷载横向分布系数的设计计算方法

研究预应力混凝土分体式箱梁桥荷载横向分布系数的设计计算方法,对分体箱梁桥在活载作用下跨中主梁内力的横向分布进行有限元分析,通过与规范中查表法求出的结果相比较,提出2种算法的优缺点以及在实际工程中的应用价值。     

Experimental investigation on vortex-induced force of a Steel Catenary Riser under in-plane vessel motion

A method to identify vortex-induced forces and coefficients from measured strains of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) undergoing vessel motion-induced Vortex-induced Vibration (VIV) is proposed. Euler–Bernoulli beam vibration equations with time-varying tension is adopted to describe the out-of-plane VIV responses. Vortex-induced forces are reconstructed via inverse analysis method, and the Forgetting Factor Least Squares (FF-LS) method is employed to identify time-varying vortex-induced force coefficients, including excitation coefficients and added mass coefficients. The method is verified via a finite element analysis procedure in commercial software Orcaflex. The time-varying excitation coefficients and added mass coefficients of an SCR undergoing vessel motion-induced VIV are investigated. Results show that vessel motion-induced VIV is excited at the middle or lower part of the SCR and in the acceleration period of in-plane velocity, where most of the excitation coefficients are positive, while during the deceleration period, the excitation coefficients becomes too small to excite VIVs. Parameter γ [1] has strong correlation with excitation coefficients. In addition, time-varying tensions contribute significantly to the variations of added mass coefficients under the condition that the ratio of dynamic top tension to pretension exceeds the range of 0.7–1.3. Moreover, chaotic behaviors are observed in vortex-induced force coefficients and are more evident with the increase of vessel motion velocity. This behavior may attribute to the randomness existing in in-plane velocity and its coupling with out-of-plane vibrations.     

数字图像全息干涉法测量液相质扩散系数

为测量液相质扩散系数,首先深入研究了传统全息干涉法的实验原理.在此基础上,利用CCD传感器取代全息干板来记录全息图,优化实验装置,设计并搭建了基于数字图像全息干涉法和新的扩散槽测量液相质扩散系数的实验系统.利用该系统测定了浓度为0.33 mol.L-1KCl水溶液在298.15 K温度条件下的质扩散系数,验证了实验系统的准确性和可靠性.为测量工程上急需的新型替代工质的质扩散系数奠定了实验基础.     

一种具有模糊费用系数的VSP的修正C-W节约算法

将传统的确定性车辆调度问题扩展为具有模糊特征的模糊车辆调度问题．在对具有模糊费用系数的车辆调度问题进行简单描述的基础上，构建了模糊车辆调度的数学模型；通过Gaufmann-Gupta模糊数排序方法与传统车辆调度问题的C—W节约算法的有效结合，提出了解决该问题的一种改进C—W节约算法．最后，给出了一个算例．     

微型开架式水下机器人水动力系数测定

水下机器人水动力系数的准确测定,是对机器人运动进行仿真和控制的前提。以形状复杂的开架式有缆水下机器人(ROV)作为研究对象,通过一系列水动力试验,计算出适用于开架式水下机器人模型的几个重要的实时水动力系数,为自主遥控水下机器人(ARV)的运动仿真提供了数据支撑,进而为ARV的控制奠定了基础。     

加筋土结构内部稳定设计分项系数的计算研究

笔者按结构设计分项系数的确定方法,优化计算出加筋土结构内部稳定的作用和抗力设计分项系数,并将其应用于实际工程验算,其结果表明是合理的,可为加筋土结构设计规范的修订提供一定的依据和参考.