石垣港换单简介及操船

由于中、日、韩航线及海峡两岸的航运市场不断发展,为了船舶的安全及经济效益,到我国台湾地区的船舶缩短在石垣港的换单时间及操船,关系到船舶的安全营运,抓好这一环节十分重要。     

县公路工程设计变更产生及控制

通过对县公路工程设计变更产生的原因分析，提出控制工程设计变更的措施。     

高速铁路列车间隔时间的计算方法

与普速铁路按固定闭塞方式组织列车追踪运行的控车模式不同,高速铁路由于装备了CTCS-2/3级列控系统和调度集中设备,故采取以车载信号作为行车凭证、按一次连续速度模式曲线监控高速列车运行的控车模式.基于高速铁路的这一控车特点,综合考虑列车的长度、运行速度、常用制动距离、安全防护距离、车站作业时间和闭塞分区长度等影响因素,借鉴普速铁路列车间隔时间的计算方法,给出高速铁路列车间隔时间(4种追踪间隔时间和7种车站间隔时间)的定义及其计算方法,为制定规范和统一的高速铁路列车间隔时间计算办法提供理论依据.     

时速350km动车组过隧道气动效应分析

采用数值模拟计算的方法,对时速350 km动车组通过70 m2单线隧道和100 m2双线隧道的压力变化进行研究.研究结果表明:单列车通过单、双线隧道时,除曲率变化较大的头、尾部位置不同测点压力变化差别较大外,列车中部不同位置测点压力变化基本相同,隧道入口前20 m,隧道壁面压力变化幅值随测点距隧道口距离的增加而迅速增大,20 m后增加变缓,在200 m左右达到最大;单线隧道内,各截面上压力变化幅值最大相差不超过3％,三维效应不明显,双线隧道内,隧道口处的三维效应比较明显,隧道中部三维效应减弱,在隧道入口6 m和隧道中部250 m位置,不同测点压力变化幅值最大分别相差82.8％和11.3％.     

裂纹损伤对典型船体结构振动频率的影响规律研究

为研究裂纹损伤对典型船体结构振动特性的影响,选择加筋板作为典型船体结构,选择穿透性裂纹作为典型损伤形式。首先利用数值仿真和模型试验对带有裂纹的结构模型固有频率计算方法进行了研究,在此基础上针对边裂纹和中间裂纹2种形式进行了大量的仿真计算,得到模型各阶固有频率、频率变化率随裂纹位置和长度变化的规律。研究结果表明,结构各阶固有频率以及频率变化率对裂纹较为敏感,可以作为裂纹识别的特征参数。同时,试验和仿真计算结果数据也可以为裂纹损伤识别研究提供训练样本和验证样本。     

基于元胞自动机的高速铁路列车群追踪运行仿真模型

为分析高速铁路列车在追踪间隔缩小时的运行状态,根据准移动闭塞系统原理,设置列车区间运行和车站运行的演化规则,建立准移动闭塞条件下基于元胞自动机的列车群追踪运行仿真模型。利用元胞自动机对京沪高速铁路线路"上海虹桥—南京南"运行图中追踪运行的10列车进行建模仿真,分析仿真结果验证到达间隔时间是制约追踪间隔的瓶颈,并得出后行列车满足追踪间隔4 min或3 min的情况下,其运行速度不受前行列车的干扰。     

列车晚点情况下的地铁运营调整自组织机制研究

在细致梳理他组织模式下的列车运行调整规则与策略基础上,引入智能体概念,借鉴“沙丁鱼群”运动效应,将邻近两列车间的运行时间距离划分为排斥间隔、协同间隔和吸引间隔,继而建立列车间的协同运动关系。运用仿真技术实现了晚点情况下的列车运行调整自组织算例,论证了自组织调整机制的有效性和应用性。     

多货物品种集装化运输的优化调度问题

用数学模型描述了供应商根据某一用户在各个不同时间段内对不同货物的需求量情况,利用各种不同型号的箱体进行分时段货物发送的问题。其最终目的是为了求得能够使运输成本和存储成本达到最小的货物发送方案,该问题是一个由批量问题和拼箱问题所组成的复合问题。就此问题,提出了一种三阶段算法。通过理论分析,该算法可以有效地解决此类问题。     

Changes in fuel economy: An analysis of the Spanish car market

This paper estimates the role that technological change and car characteristics have played in the rate of fuel consumption of vehicles over time. Using data from the Spanish car market from 1988 to 2013, we estimate a reduced form equation that relates fuel consumption with a set of car characteristics. The results for the sales-weighted sample of vehicles show that energy efficiency would have improved by 30% and 42% for petrol and diesel cars respectively had car characteristics been held constant at 1988 values. However, the shift to bigger and more fuel-consuming cars reduced the gains from technological progress. Additionally, using the results of the fuel equation we show that, besides a natural growth rate of 1.1%, technological progress is affected by both the international price of oil and the adoption of mandatory emission standards. Moreover, according to our estimations, a 1% growth in GDP would modify car characteristics in such a way that fuel consumption would increase by around 0.23% for petrol cars and 0.35% for diesel cars.     

Through the storm: Transit agency management in response to climate change

The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making.