石垣港换单简介及操船

由于中、日、韩航线及海峡两岸的航运市场不断发展,为了船舶的安全及经济效益,到我国台湾地区的船舶缩短在石垣港的换单时间及操船,关系到船舶的安全营运,抓好这一环节十分重要。     

县公路工程设计变更产生及控制

通过对县公路工程设计变更产生的原因分析，提出控制工程设计变更的措施。     

准神铁路神木北地区接轨方案研究

结合神木北地区既有铁路概况及改扩建规划情况,对准神铁路南端接轨神朔线方案、神延线方案,从工程技术经济等方面进行了方案优缺点分析和比较,确定了采用接轨神延线店塔车站方案。     

时速350km动车组过隧道气动效应分析

采用数值模拟计算的方法,对时速350 km动车组通过70 m2单线隧道和100 m2双线隧道的压力变化进行研究.研究结果表明:单列车通过单、双线隧道时,除曲率变化较大的头、尾部位置不同测点压力变化差别较大外,列车中部不同位置测点压力变化基本相同,隧道入口前20 m,隧道壁面压力变化幅值随测点距隧道口距离的增加而迅速增大,20 m后增加变缓,在200 m左右达到最大;单线隧道内,各截面上压力变化幅值最大相差不超过3％,三维效应不明显,双线隧道内,隧道口处的三维效应比较明显,隧道中部三维效应减弱,在隧道入口6 m和隧道中部250 m位置,不同测点压力变化幅值最大分别相差82.8％和11.3％.     

裂纹损伤对典型船体结构振动频率的影响规律研究

为研究裂纹损伤对典型船体结构振动特性的影响,选择加筋板作为典型船体结构,选择穿透性裂纹作为典型损伤形式。首先利用数值仿真和模型试验对带有裂纹的结构模型固有频率计算方法进行了研究,在此基础上针对边裂纹和中间裂纹2种形式进行了大量的仿真计算,得到模型各阶固有频率、频率变化率随裂纹位置和长度变化的规律。研究结果表明,结构各阶固有频率以及频率变化率对裂纹较为敏感,可以作为裂纹识别的特征参数。同时,试验和仿真计算结果数据也可以为裂纹损伤识别研究提供训练样本和验证样本。     

高坝枢纽新建通航建筑物轴线及通航条件研究

针对山区已建高坝枢纽新建通航建筑物轴线布置受河道窄、水头高、电站泄流及已有建筑物影响等条件限制的问题,依托贵州清水江白市水电站枢纽新建通航建筑物工程,采用1∶100正态整体水工模型与自航遥控船模相结合的技术手段,对多条轴线布置方案进行通航水流条件及船舶航行操控研究与优化。试验结果表明,右岸轴线布置方案通航水流条件及船舶航行状态均较好,为推荐方案。研究成果解决了工程关键问题,可供类似已建高坝水利枢纽新建或扩建通航建筑物工程参考借鉴。     

小线间距单渡线安全性研究

研究目的:因盘活闲置国有资产的迫切需要,某些城市的城轨交通线路工程,利用地下既有设施,因其线间距比较小,加大线间距困难,维持原有线间距将成为工程的首要选择。规范规定单渡线线间距不应小于一定数值。哈尔滨市轨道交通一期工程利用既有人防隧道工程,受限界限制,线间距定为3.4 m。根据要求,分别在两个既有站设置了3.4 m线间距单渡线。"小线间距"单渡线,在设计、铺设、营运以及养护维修等方面经验甚少,因此除了需要研究渡线结构安全性以外,还必须分析研究其在各种运行位置时脱轨或者脱钩危险性,确保列车安全通过。研究结论:(1)车辆通过3.4 m线间距单渡线时,转向架最不利位置的转动角度在转向架结构性能允许范围内。车钩最不利位置的转动角度、伸缩量在车钩结构性能允许范围内。(2)3.4 m单渡线侧向运行时不载客的情况下,车速不宜超过20 km/h;侧向有载客需要的情况下,车速不宜超过15 km/h。     

Changes in fuel economy: An analysis of the Spanish car market

This paper estimates the role that technological change and car characteristics have played in the rate of fuel consumption of vehicles over time. Using data from the Spanish car market from 1988 to 2013, we estimate a reduced form equation that relates fuel consumption with a set of car characteristics. The results for the sales-weighted sample of vehicles show that energy efficiency would have improved by 30% and 42% for petrol and diesel cars respectively had car characteristics been held constant at 1988 values. However, the shift to bigger and more fuel-consuming cars reduced the gains from technological progress. Additionally, using the results of the fuel equation we show that, besides a natural growth rate of 1.1%, technological progress is affected by both the international price of oil and the adoption of mandatory emission standards. Moreover, according to our estimations, a 1% growth in GDP would modify car characteristics in such a way that fuel consumption would increase by around 0.23% for petrol cars and 0.35% for diesel cars.     

Through the storm: Transit agency management in response to climate change

The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making.     

Green walking networks for climate change adaptation

Climate change (CC) potentially affects people travel behaviour, due to extreme weather conditions. This is particularly true for pedestrians, that are more exposed to weather conditions. Introducing the effect of this change in transport modelling allows to analyse and plan walking networks taking into consideration the climatic variable. The aim of this work is to develop a tool that can support planning and design of walking networks, by assessing the effects of actions oriented to increase resilience with respect to extreme weather conditions (CC adaptation).An integrated approach is used, thus combining transport and land-use planning concepts with elements of outdoor thermal comfort and network accessibility. Walking networks are analysed through centrality indexes, including thermal comfort aspects into a general cost function of links and weighted nodes. The method has been applied to the walking network inside the Campus of the University of Catania (Italy), which includes different functions and where pedestrian paths are barely used by people. Results confirm that this tool is sensitive to the variables representing weather conditions and it can measure the influence of CC adaptation measures (e.g. vegetation) on walking attitude and on the performance of the walking network.