市域快轨超长隧道防灾救援模式研究

针对市域快轨中逐渐增多的超长隧道区间,即同一防火单元内存在多列车追踪又不能设置中间风井的区间,既有的设计规范及应用案例在防灾救援模式方面仍有不足之处,需要做进一步深入研究。在总结超长隧道区间防灾救援技术特征及现状基础上,从最大限度确保车辆及人员安全,提高超长隧道区间救援效率,降低对线路运营的影响方面,首次提出采用独立疏散通道+救援站的救援思路。相较于常规救援模式,该方案下事故区间待救援列车及乘客数均减半,而工程投资仅增加20%~30%,性价比较高,可为今后类似工程提供借鉴。     

Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.     

船舶碰撞后的处理

从船舶碰撞责任的基础知识出发，结合运实务，指出了碰撞发生后的处理程序，对船长及船东在发生此类海事后的处理方法提供了参考，有一定的指导意义。     

谈一谈船舶消防演习

本文针对当前船舶消防演习存在的不足之处,以机舱消防演习程序为例,探讨船舶应该规范消防演习,不断提高演习质量和船员的灭火技能,保障船舶的财产和人命的安全。     

船艏横向加强框架对船艏耐撞性能的影响

在撞击过程中船艏结构的典型损伤是外壳板和内加筋的褶皱，撕裂和弯曲。在以前的船舶结构的碰撞分析的简化方法或数值模拟中往往略去横向肋骨框架对船艏碰撞性能的影响。本文利用有限元数值仿真方法研究了横向肋骨框架在碰撞损坏过程中的作用，发现其对船艏结构的损伤形态、碰撞力及能量耗散有重要影响。因而是碰撞计算中不可忽略的因素。     

港口设备钢丝绳断绳事故分析及预防

对钢丝绳断绳事故进行分析,提出了一些措施,诸如通过钢丝绳的选用、维护、保养、检测等,来延长钢丝绳的使用寿命,杜绝事故的发生。     

碱集料反应的诊断与防治

概念了破集料反应的类型与机理，结合国内外碱集料反应研究的进展情况，提出了碱集集料反应的诊断方法和防治措施。     

膨胀土地区路基水损害作用机理研究及防治对策

对我国膨胀土地区水损害机理进行了研究,归纳总结了对膨胀土路基水损害需采取排水、支挡、生物工程、避让等对策措施.     

交叉还是追越？——一起值得深思的碰撞事故

该文就一起究竟是“交叉还是追越？”的碰撞事故进行了分析，并就如何确定“交叉局面”与“追越”作了详尽的探访，同时针对当事船船长在无法确定会遇格局的情况下应如何适用良好船艺以避免紧迫局面的形成提出了作者的观点，最后就该事故双方的过失行为以及应承担的法律责任作了系统、全面的剖析。     

Analysis on Uncertain Information and Actions for Preventing Collision

Discusses and analyzes the causes and characteristics of the uncertainties of the information and actions for preventing collision at sea on the basic knowledge of the collision avoidance.Describes the ways and functions of the investigations about the uncertainties of the information and actions of collision avoidance with the navigation simulators.Puts forward some suggestions for the officers to master the skills of the recognition of these uncertainties of the information and actions by the training with the sim- ulator during the MET course.