基于分段单孔反演的隧址区多断层地应力分布特征

目前，针对具有多个原位地应力测试钻孔的隧址区初始地应力场反演，往往一次性将全部实测值用以计算值的回归反分析，没有考虑到隧道纵向长度远超其他方向且钻孔分布较远的特点，单个钻孔表征的临近区域地应力分布特征或反演精度被其余钻孔实测值“拉低”，导致整体反演结果容易陷入局部优解。依托拉林铁路桑珠岭隧道、叙毕铁路斑竹林隧道、沿江高速火山隧道、木寨岭公路隧道等工程，采用多元线性回归法结合最小二乘法寻优准则，分析了隧址区仅有单个钻孔反演精度较高的原因，提出了对具有多个钻孔的隧址区分段并分别进行单钻孔回归反演的新方法。在此基础上，重点讨论了木寨岭公路隧道断层破碎带区域地应力分布特征。结果表明：分段单孔反演较多孔反演进一步提高了反演精度；地应力的分布在断层前后呈现出先急剧增大后急剧减小的特征；除自重应力与埋深存在一定关联外，两项水平主应力随断层间距或厚度的增大突变性加剧；断层之间间距、断层倾角、断层厚度均是影响地应力方向偏转大小的重要因素，断层之间间距或断层倾角越小、断层越厚，地应力方向偏转越显著。     

Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.     

预裂爆破中爆生裂缝扩展的机理探讨及预裂炮孔间距的设计方法

炸药爆炸产生的爆生裂缝是由爆炸应力波和爆生气体共同作用的结果。文中运用炸药爆炸的应力波理论,计算初始裂纹的长度;然后按照岩石的脆断理论计算爆生裂缝的最终扩展长度,对预裂爆破中爆炸作用过程和裂缝的扩展机理进行分析。同时还讨论了预裂炮孔间距的设计方法,认为在炮孔间距设计时,应考虑原生裂缝的存在。     

基于对流效应的寒区路堤块石层临界高度研究

为了研究块石路堤降温效应与块石层高度之间的关系,基于多孔介质自然对流理论和热传导理论引入了表征寒区块石路堤自然对流降温效应的自然对流指数,利用热传导温度分布函数获得了路堤自然对流指数随块石层高度变化的近似公式。分析表明:自然对流指数最小值对应于路堤块石层的最小高度,而其最大值对应于路堤块石层的最大高度。另外介绍了一种利用自然对流指数近似公式估算路堤块石层临界高度的方法,并具体给出了算例,最后进行了数值验算。结果表明:通过自然对流指数确定的临界高度可为寒区工程的路堤设计提供参考。     

单片机测控系统的抗干扰技术

本文介绍了单片机测控系统所受干扰的种类和传播途径,并针对其组成部件的电路结构、功能特点、所处环境提出了具体的抗干扰技术.     

某轮副机曲轴断裂事故原因分析及预防措施

文章结合柴油机曲轴的工作条件,对某轮副机曲轴断裂事故的内在和外在原因进行了分析,并针对该事故的原因对柴油机曲轴的日常维护管理提出了建议。     

A review of the Effect of α/W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅱ） experimental investigation in LEFM

In part I of this series, experimental investigation in EPFM （elastic-plastic fracture mechanics） had been discussed. In this paper, experimental investigation in LEFM （ linear elastic fracture mechanics） is given. Fracture toughness tests had been carried out on three different strength steels, using both through-cracked specimens with different α/W ratio and semi-elliptical cracked specimens with variable crack size and shape. Results show that the fracture toughness KIC increases with decreasing α/W when α/W 〈 0.3 for three-point-bend specimens, and that for α/W 〉 0.3, it is independent of α/W. Shallow crack specimens, both through-cracked and surface-cracked, gave markedly higher values than deeply notched specimens. However, the effect of crack shape on fracture toughness is negligible. Results also show that the LEFM approach to fracture is not tenable for design stresses where αc is often very small, far less than 2.5 （ KIC/σy）^2.     

闸调器弹簧的早期断裂失效及预防

铁路货车制动的闸瓦间隙调整是由闸瓦间隙自动调整器(以下简称闸调器)内部弹簧力的变化实现的,弹簧件的质量直接影响到闸调器的使用性能。因此,提高弹簧的质量,防止弹簧的早期失效,对于保证闸调器的使用性能和质量是十分重要的。通过对闸调器弹簧的受力分析以及闸调器弹簧早期断裂失效实例的分析,探讨闸调器弹簧断裂失效的起因,并结合实际生产加工工艺提出保证闸调器弹簧质量、预防早期断裂失效的可行措施。     

制动盘摩擦面热损伤的形成机理分析

热斑、疲劳裂纹和应力开裂是钢铁制动盘摩擦面在服役过程中存在的热损伤现象,是导致疲劳裂纹失效的重要起因。研究摩擦面热损伤的形成机理对于防止制动盘的热损伤失效具有重要意义。采用有限元计算与理论分析相结合的方法,研究了制动盘热斑、裂纹和应力开裂3种热损伤的形成机理、影响因素。重点分析了热斑形成的温度条件和材料的组织变化、裂纹的形成和扩展规律以及5种约束所形成热应力的分布规律。     

沥青地库探索

应用导热油加热技术在中国已经发展了10多年,随着该技术的发展,地库也开始作为沥青贮仓.针对采用地库作为导热油加热沥青的这一技术,对地库的用热设备、导热油供热系统及沥青加热所需热量计算做了介绍.