表面选区强化对钢轨波磨处轮轨滚动接触行为的影响

层流等离子体表面强化技术可大幅提高钢轨表面的硬度和耐磨性。为了揭示强化处理对轮轨滚动接触行为的影响,建立同时考虑钢轨表面选区强化和短波波磨的三维轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型,数值计算了车轮高速滚过一个波磨周期的轮轨力、接触斑黏滑分布和残余应力应变。对比发现:表面选区强化对轮轨力和接触斑黏滑分布的影响较小,不影响钢轨承载性能;对钢轨表面残余应力应变分布的影响明显,残余应力主要集中在屈服强度较高的强化斑内而残余应变主要集中在韧性较好的基体材料上,表面选区强化有效结合了强化斑和基体材料的力学性能,形成了一种强韧的良好匹配。结果可为现场生产服务提供一定的理论指导和应用参考。     

直线电机运载系统轮轨病害整治

广州地铁5号线采用由直线电机驱动的列车,在运营中出现了较为严重的轨道波磨及车轮圆跳动,造成了车辆走行部的圆跳动发展迅速、电机高度调整装置失效、电机绝缘失效等一系列问题,经过诸如转向架轮轴改造、小曲线段加装轨旁轮轨摩擦控制装置、有针对性的轨道打磨等系统性的整治,轮轨病害初步缓解。     

双块式轨枕挡肩裂纹原因分析及控制

挡肩裂纹是双块式轨枕预制的一项严重质量问题,将直接导致轨枕报废,若控制不到位,将给企业造成严重经济损失。以新建贵阳至广州铁路广宁轨枕预制场双块式轨枕施工为例,从脱模机构、混凝土配合比、混凝土养护等方面分析了挡肩裂纹出现的原因,并制定出针对性措施,为以后双块式轨枕的质量控制提供参考和借鉴。     

钢轨波磨对地铁车内噪声影响及其控制试验研究

随着轨道交通快速发展,车内噪声已成为列车运行中一个重要问题。为了研究某地铁车内噪声超标的原因,对该线路钢轨打磨前后车内噪声进行测试,分别使用A计权和响度来分析其声学特性,并比较A计权和响度评价车内降噪效果的差异。结果表明:波长0.025 6～0.051 2 m波磨是地铁车内噪声超标的主要原因,通过清除波长0.025 6～0.051 2 m波磨,6个测点声压级明显降低。通过A计权分析可知,钢轨打磨对前端和后端车厢降噪效果较为明显,而对中部车厢降噪效果不如前者。通过响度分析可知,列车前端和后端车厢的4个测点车内噪声总响度降低,而在中部车厢的2个测点总响度略有增大。评价噪声主观感觉大小的A计权低估了中部车厢100～300 Hz频率的噪声影响,而响度作为反映人耳对声音强弱感觉的心理声学参数,能够更为准确地评价低频车内噪声对人耳的影响。     

Nonlinear three-dimensional wagon-track model for the investigation of rail corrugation initiation on curved track

A nonlinear wagon-track model on curved track has been developed to characterize rail corrugation formation due to self-excitation of the wheel-rail stick-slip process. In this model, wagon movements were described using up to 78 degrees of freedom (DOFs) to model a three-piece freight bogie. Innovatively, the wheelset movements are described using nine DOFs, including torsional and bending modes about the longitudinal and vertical directions. The track modelling is considered as a one-layer structure (two rail beams on discrete spring and damper elements). The wheel sliding after creepage saturation is considered in the wheel-rail interface modelling. Simulation of a case study shows that the frequencies of the wheel stick-slip process are composed of the basic frequency, which might come from the combined effect of sleeper-passing frequency and one-third of the combined torsional and bending frequency of the wheelset, and the double and triple basic frequencies, which form the wavelengths of rail corrugation at different situations.     

地铁基础减振地段钢轨异常波磨 治理方案研究

针对地铁线路产生的钢轨异常波磨问题,调研了某地铁线路的钢轨波磨情况以及基本特征,对轨道刚度、 钢轨廓形、轨距以及轨道动力特征进行测试,提出钢轨异常波磨的治理思路,并对波磨治理效果进行跟踪测试, 提出既有线以及新建地铁线路钢轨波磨的治理以及预防方案。研究表明：地铁钢轨波磨较为严重,波长在 25～ 100 mm 之间;轨道垂向刚度、横向刚度整体较弱,钢轨位移大,保持轨距能力差,轮轨关系恶化,在特定频段 范围内轮轨振动加剧,从而引起钢轨波磨的产生和发展。通过更换扣件及垫板、轨道精测精调、钢轨打磨措施可 以使车内噪声降低 5～10 dB,轨面不平顺显著降低,打磨周期延长至 1 倍以上;既有线路可通过“细调查、调参 数、精维修、动态检查”治理钢轨波磨,新建地铁线路应在规划、设计、运营维护、动态验收阶段严格把关,合 理采用减振轨道,避免钢轨异常波磨的产生和发展。     

Distributed support modelling for vertical track dynamic analysis

The finite length nature of rail-pad supports is characterised by a Timoshenko beam element formulation over an elastic foundation, giving rise to the distributed support element. The new element is integrated into a vertical track model, which is solved in frequency and time domain. The developed formulation is obtained by solving the governing equations of a Timoshenko beam for this particular case. The interaction between sleeper and rail via the elastic connection is considered in an analytical, compact and efficient way. The modelling technique results in realistic amplitudes of the ‘pinned–pinned’ vibration mode and, additionally, it leads to a smooth evolution of the contact force temporal response and to reduced amplitudes of the rail vertical oscillation, as compared to the results from concentrated support models. Simulations are performed for both parametric and sinusoidal roughness excitation. The model of support proposed here is compared with a previous finite length model developed by other authors, coming to the conclusion that the proposed model gives accurate results at a reduced computational cost.     

轮轨接触应力与钢轨波磨分析

根据轮轨滚动接触中钢轨循环加载塑性累积和材料的Ratcheting效应，应用强化材料模型对钢轨内部的残余应力和累积变形进行了数值分析。分析结果表明钢轨材料的Ratcheting效应和轮轨接触应力的波动是钢轨表面剥离与压溃形波波磨产生的重要原因。     

城市轨道交通钢轨波磨成因的探讨

在对北京地铁部分线路钢轨波纹磨耗问题进行系统调研及定性分析的基础上,通过建立车轨动力仿真模型,对扣件刚度、阻尼及车速与钢轨波纹磨耗的关系进行动力仿真分析,并提出相关建议,为既有线整治及新线预防提供参考.