Vehicle electrification in a developing country: Status and issue,from a well-to-wheel perspective

The increase of public attention, scientific research and political interest in environmental problems associated with transportation has provided the motivation for re-invention of electric vehicles. However the usage of grid-dependent EVs with a high-carbon electricity grid might produce more damage to the environment. This study aims to provide an environmental impact comparison of ICEVs, HEVs and EVs during their usage cycle, by modeling their energy consumption (electricity or fuel) and the supply chains of the supplied energy, (well-to-wheel) based on a life cycle assessment. The results show that running EVs with the existing mixed sources of electrical energy produce larger impacts on the environment 60% of the time; when compared to HEVs. When compared to ICEVs, EVs produce a larger environmental impact on 7 out of 15 environmental impact categories. Overall the environmental impacts of EVs are substantial based on the well-to-wheel analysis. It will continue to be so if no change is made to the methods of electricity generation in the near future. Given that the environmental profile of EVs is linked with the existing national electricity generation mix, the national electricity supply must be made cleaner before the electrification of the urban transport system.     

发达国家船舶配员现状与未来

简述了国际航运发达国家船舶配员减少的发展过程,总结了船舶配员减少的基础和主要方法,目的是为我国国家、航运企业及航海教育提供参考。     

How Do Governments Support the Development of Public Private Partnerships? Measuring and Comparing PPP Governmental Support in 20 European Countries

Abstract

Taking an institutional perspective, in this article we develop an index of the governmental support for public private partnership (PPP) — a ‘PPP Governmental Support Index’ (GSI) — which aims to measure the extent to which national governments provide an institutional framework that is either conducive or preventive for the introduction and diffusion of PPPs within transport infrastructure and other sectors. First, based on a substantive review of the literature, we define the elements of the PPP GSI, including the policy and political commitment regarding PPPs, the legal and regulatory framework, and the presence/absence of dedicated PPP-supporting arrangements. Second, we calculate the PPP GSI for 20 European countries, cluster them and compare similarities and differences in national governmental support of infrastructure PPPs. Third, we explore the potential link between national institutional index scores and infrastructure PPP activity in the 20 countries. Lastly, we discuss the potential and usefulness of the presented PPP GSI, as well as methodological limitations, and elaborate on how this index might be utilised to strengthen future comparative research on PPP in transport and other sectors.     

高速公路景观与绿化设计的要点

我国的高速公路存在着一些景观问题,通过从“点”、“线”、“面”三个方面深入研究景观与绿化设计的方法．可以提高我国高速公路的建设和服务水平。     

郊野公园雨水收集利用系统分析与设计——以三十岗郊野公园为例

郊野公园设计过程中需在系统性生态理念指导下,根据项目内的水系和地形条件设计雨水收集系统,结合实际项目需要选择合理的方案进行回用,达到经济效益及生态效益.经案例分析水量平衡体系、实现了良好的雨洪调蓄功能.景观水体的补水优先取自项目内收集回用的雨水,实现局部生态循环补水.在汇水坡面整齐、水塘较多的项目背景下,进行局部水系规...     

城乡公交一体化规划方法研究

实施城乡公交一体化是加速城镇化进程、全面建设小康社会的配套工程,是构建和谐城乡的重要基础设施。通过分析城乡公交一体化规划与普通城市公交和公路客运规划中的异同,论述了城乡公交一体化规划的几个关键问题以及实施公交一体化的效益,并对公交一体化实施过程中的体制问题提出对策。     

马耳他共和国马尔萨什洛克港防波堤工程

马耳他共和国马尔萨什洛克港防波堤工程为当年我国水运工程实践规模最大、技术最复杂的工程.最大水深一28m,设计最大波高10m,最大沉箱7000t,最重块体20t.文章由十余万字的工程总结缩编而成,内容以施工为主,主要介绍在极端困难条件下,如何千方百计完成艰巨的施工任务.     

城乡客运统筹发展的对策

文章结合浦北县道路客运实际,分析了农村客运存在的问题,并从理顺体制、统一优惠政策、打击非法营运、完善基础设施建设、优化服务等方面提出了统筹城乡客运发展的对策与建议。     

马耳他共和国马尔萨什洛克港防波堤工程

马耳他共和国马尔萨什洛克港防波堤工程为当年我国水运工程实践规模最大、技术最复杂的工程.最大水深-28 m,设计最大波高10m,最大沉箱7000t,最重块体20t.文章由十余万字的工程总结缩编而成,内容以施工为主,主要介绍在极端困难条件下,如何千方百计完成艰巨的施工任务.     

至界岭隧道层状围岩的施工体会

该文介绍了至界岭隧道穿越层状围岩段,采用锚喷支护、辅以超前锚杆进行临时支护的方法。按照弱爆破、短进尺、早支护、勤量测的原则施工,获得成功,可供类似施工参考。