塑性变形对氢在钢中扩散行为的影响

用阴极电解渗氢法研究了塑性变形对低碳钢中溶氢和逸氢过程的影响。结果表明：氢的溶解扩散系数比逸出扩散系数大,且随着塑性变形量的增大,溶氢时扩散系数增大,逸氢时的扩散系数减小。     

沥青混凝土导温系数现场测定的峰值梯度法

建立路面温度场的一维瞬态热传导方程,通过分离变量法找到满足方程的傅立叶级数,获得在已知界面温度时一维层状体的瞬态温度分布.实测路面温度场数据,采用峰值梯度法反算路面材料导温系数.模拟路面降温过程中路面温度沿深度单调变化时,傅立叶级数解前50项就能够达到0.01℃的精度.对实测数据分析结果表明：峰值梯度法可以避免将不同温度传感器温度数值直接比较,结果较差分直接反算方法稳定.     

沙土热物理特性的影响因素实验

沙土物性会直接影响土壤源热泵系统地埋管的换热特性,因此对沙土的热物理特性及影响因素展开实验研究,分析了含湿量、孔隙率等因素对沙土导热系数、比热容、导温系数等的影响规律.结果表明：同一孔隙率下,沙土随含湿量增加,其导热系数及比热容增大;导温系数在含湿量为5％时最大;同一含湿量下,沙土的导热系数和比热容随孔隙率提高呈线性减小,导温系数随孔隙率增大呈线性增大;在一定孔隙率下,导热系数、比热容随含湿量增大而呈线性增大;在含湿量大于5％时,导温系数随含湿量的变化呈线性降低.研究结果可以为土壤源热泵地埋管受周围土壤换热性能影响问题提供基础数据.     

耐腐蚀混凝土辅料的试验研究

研究目的:为了提高混凝土耐海水、土壤中盐等的腐蚀性能,作者提出了在混凝土中掺加耐腐蚀辅料的方法。研究方法:通过混凝土离子渗透性试验、硫酸盐腐蚀试验、干湿腐蚀循环试验等对耐腐蚀辅料的性能进行了测试,并对该耐腐蚀混凝土辅料的耐腐蚀机理进行了分析。研究结果:(1)在硫酸盐腐蚀试验中,掺耐腐蚀辅料的水泥90d腐蚀中的耐腐蚀系数高于1.0;(2)在100次干湿腐蚀循环后,基准混凝土干湿腐蚀循环系数只有0.79,而掺耐腐蚀辅料的混凝土Kx达到1.28;(3)在氯离子渗透试验方面,掺耐腐蚀辅料混凝土28d、90d渗透系数分别为28d基准混凝土的43.1%和9.3%。研究结论:耐腐蚀辅料能够有效的改善混凝土内部孔隙结构特征和水泥与骨料的界面结构。     

新型穿流式搅拌器的搅拌机理分析及实验研究

基于混合原理分析了新型穿式搅拌器的搅拌机理,揭示了结构简单的新型穿流式搅拌器不仅能通过强化涡流扩散提高混合效率,而且由于减少桨叶的旋转方向上的投影面积还可降低搅拌能耗,提高能量利用率。通过在水系统中的实验研究,充分表明该种搅拌器结构简单,效率高,能耗低,有良好的应用前景。     

Mixing in the surface boundary layer of a tropical freshwater reservoir

A combined observational-modeling study was conducted to investigate turbulence mixing, and the relation to surface forcing, in the surface boundary layer (SBL) of a tropical, high-altitude, freshwater reservoir. A suite of vertical profiles of temperature microstructure, collected at three different stations of one-day duration each, provided estimates of dissipation rates of turbulence kinetic energy, , and temperature variance, χ. Numerical simulations of and χ, using state-of-the-art, public domain, two-equation turbulence closure models, compared favorably with the observations and reproduced the dynamics of daytime wind mixing as well as the vertical and temporal turbulence structure during nighttime convective conditions.Two independent estimates of vertical eddy diffusivities in the stably stratified (daytime) SBL, computed from the microstructure measurements, agreed closely, and the near surface heat and buoyancy fluxes, computed from the diffusivities, were similar to those computed independently from surface meteorology. Model generated eddy diffusivities agreed closely with the observed values, except those generated by K profile parameterization (KPP) model simulations. The good agreement provides confidence that nutrient fluxes in the SBL may be accurately computed from the models when forced with regularly measured surface meteorological parameters. The consequences are important for estimation of daily primary productivity rates in the euphotic zone and the ability to predict algal blooms such as those observed in the present reservoir.