两种算法在公路评标中的运用对比

选择正确的承包商直接影响业主的利益和工程质量,在我国,评标方法已经有一定的发展,其中以GRA算法及最小隶属度偏差法为代表,通过介绍两种算法运用在评标过程的思路及计算步骤,对其进行分析比较,指出其相同点和不同点。     

Heavy vehicle pitch dynamics and suspension tuning. Part I: unconnected suspension

The influence of suspension tuning of passenger cars on bounce and pitch ride performance has been explored in a number of studies, while only minimal efforts have been made for establishing similar rules for heavy vehicles. This study aims to explore pitch dynamics and suspension tunings of a two-axle heavy vehicle with unconnected suspension, which could also provide valuable information for heavy vehicles with coupled suspensions. Based on a generalised pitch-plane model of a two-axle heavy vehicle integrating either unconnected or coupled suspension, three dimensionless measures of suspension properties are defined and analysed—namely the pitch margin (PM), pitch stiffness ratio (PSR), and coupled pitch stiffness ratio (CPSR)—for different unconnected suspension tunings and load conditions. Dynamic responses of the vehicle with three different load conditions and five different tunings of the unconnected suspension are obtained under excitations arising from three different random road roughness conditions and a wide range of driving speeds, and braking manoeuvres. The responses are evaluated in terms of performance measures related to vertical and pitch ride, dynamic tyre load, suspension travel, and pitch-attitude control characteristics of the vehicle. Fundamental relationships between the vehicle responses and the proposed suspension measures (PM, PSR, and CPSR) are established, based on which some basic suspension tuning rules for heavy vehicles with unconnected suspensions are also proposed.     

不同质量比对刚性圆柱体涡激振动振幅的影响

涡激振动发电装置是一种能够捕获浅海区域低流速海流能的新型能源装置,为了在不同海况下均能高效地对能量进行转换,需要对振动参数进行探讨,因此本文对质量比在振动响应和能量方面进行了分析。结合尾流振子模型和结构振动模型,得到双自由度涡激振动耦合模型,将Stappenbelt实验设置输入该模型,模型计算结果与其实验结果吻合,验证了模型的正确性。通过对中低质量比、超低质量比和高质量比三种条件下的柱体涡激振动响应进行分析,结果表明：中低质量比条件下,振幅和频率锁定区间宽度随质量比增加而减小;超低质量比条件下,顺流向无量纲振幅接近1,无法忽略,双向最大振幅发生约化速度Ur=6附近;高质量比条件下,最大振幅所对应的约化速度随着质量比的增加而增加,顺流向第二次波峰消失,横向出现两次波峰。     

Fidelity of using scaled vehicles for chassis dynamic studies

There are many situations where physical testing of a vehicle or vehicle controller is necessary, yet use of a full-size vehicle is not practical. Some situations include implementation testing of novel actuation strategies, analysing the behaviour of chassis feedback control under system faults, or near-unstable situations such as limit handling under driver-assist feedback control. Historically, many have advocated the use of scale vehicles as surrogates for larger vehicles. This article presents analysis and experimental testing that examines the fidelity of using scaled vehicles for vehicle chassis dynamics and control studies. In support of this effort, this work introduces an experimental system called the Pennsylvania State University Rolling Roadway Simulator (the PURRS). In the PURRS, a custom-built scale-sized vehicle is freely driven on a moving roadway surface. While others have used scale-vehicle rolling roadway simulators in the past, this work is the first to attempt to directly match the planar dynamic performance of the scale-sized vehicle to a specific full-sized vehicle by careful design of the scale vehicle. This article explains details of this effort including vehicle dynamic modelling, detailed measurement of model parameters, conditions for dynamic similitude, validation of the resulting experimental vehicle in the time, frequency, and dimensionless domains. The results of the dynamic comparisons between scale- and full-sized vehicles clearly illustrate operational regimes where agreement is quite good, and other regimes where agreement is quite poor. Both are useful to understand the applicability of scale-vehicle results to full-size vehicle analysis.     

量纲分析理论在交通流分析中的应用

针对交通流模型的多样性和同一参数测量值的变化,分析了建模思想和测量统计方法一致性的必要。根据模型参数的物理意义,通过量纲分析方法,对各种交通流模型及其参数进行研究,从中得到各个模型之间本质上具有相似性的基本结论,以及主要无量纲参数之间的函数关系式。对交通流局部密度增大后消散问题从无量纲入手,得到的无量纲结论能够说明有量纲低速和高速交通流模型问题。此示例说明量纲分析方法对交通流模型及其参数研究具有理论和实际应用价值。     

规则波作用下刚性植被海岸准静态平衡剖面试验

海岸植被作为新兴的生态护岸方式受到广泛关注。针对水动力要素对岸滩演变的作用,进行波浪及水深条件对植被岸滩准静态平衡剖面的影响规律研究。采用物理模型试验的方法,通过定性和定量分析,得出不同波高、不同周期规则波对植被岸滩平衡剖面的影响规律,以及波陡与岸滩无量纲尺寸的幂函数关系式和不同水深条件下各无量纲指标的变化趋势。结果显示,波高对平衡剖面的影响规律较明显,波周期及水深的影响规律性相对较弱;波陡与岸滩无量纲尺寸相关性良好,相对淤积尺寸的拟合结果优于冲刷尺度,小波陡区域拟合结果优于大波陡区域。