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ABSTRACTThe economic history of the U.S. illustrates how the role of many cities has been changed by being seaports or located on navigable rivers or lakes. Based on the widening of the Panama Canal in 2016, the West Coast ports that include the west coast seaports of California, Oregon, and Washington were expected to become less important, while the freight shares of the East Coast and Gulf ports would increase. By how much it has been not easy to measure or predict so far, but this study attempted to define some of the key parameters in the measurement. As well as several relevant background topics, both the demand- and supply-side versions of the National Interstate Economic Model, have been applied for the measurement of economic impacts. U.S. port authorities and policy makers at the local and national levels who respond and develop plans for coping with the new realities of the Panama Canal are able to understand the extent to which changes in shippers’ and land-mode transporters’ behaviors would undermine the logistics and the costs of their activities. Therefore, this study is important for a diverse spectrum of port development strategies in the U.S. to respond to the Canal expansion. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics. 相似文献
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索赔机制及其运行是实现索赔的重要保证。文章通过对索赔机制的定义及构成分析,阐释了索赔机制的本质及运行影响因素。据此,对我国索赔机制运行中的困境及原因做了剖析,提出了完善我国索赔机制、改善索赔环境的具体措施和建议。 相似文献
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通过大连华能电厂的循环水取水口工程实例,对不同的大型带孔沉箱结构进行了结构和经济效益的分析比较,以期推广受力性能较好、施工方便可行、经济效益较好的新型沉箱结构。 相似文献
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交通管理监视器的视频电路,受通频带限制导致图像轮廓模糊、清晰度下降,通常需要采用双微分视频补偿.以一种具体的双微分视频补偿电路为例,分析了两次微分的补偿过程,用电路理论对元件的取值进行了研究,并采用功能强大的Electronics Workbench软件进行了仿真实验论证. 相似文献
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工程项目经理部的全部管理行为的本质,是运用项目管理原理和各种方法来降低成本,创造经济效益。提高经济效益,必须坚持开源与节流相结合的原则。一方面要加强项目成本管理,另一方面要加强合同预算管理,两者相结合,以取得最大的经济利益。 相似文献