地铁车辆涡流制动装置磁场分析与制动力矩计算

分析了旋转型永磁涡流制动装置的工作原理,并以地铁车辆为对象设计了一种涡流制动装置的结构。利用ANSYS分析软件对其磁场分布进行分析,得到磁通密度的变化规律。以电磁场理论为基础,利用解析法计算了制动装置的制动力矩。为旋转型涡流制动装置的设计、优化与控制方法等提供了一定的依据。     

高精度电涡流测微系统的研究

在介绍电涡流传感器工作原理及系统构成的基础上,提出了一种基于矩形域最小二乘曲面拟合算法进行温度补偿的方法,利用DSP进行数据的采集和处理,通过建立温度间距频率之间的数学模型,实现了电涡流测微系统在高精度微位移测量领域中的应用。实例表明所建模型是合理的,该方法是行之有效的。     

侧向风下航母甲板风涡流场的模拟研究

采用低马赫数假设下的气流运动控制方程组和湍流大涡模拟方法,研究在侧向来风条件下,航母甲板风涡流场的特点。在侧向来风时,航母前部甲板上方压强时均值、变化幅度与周期差异不大;后部甲板上方压强时均值较前半部分略有增加,变化幅度和周期均有所增大。     

船舶机舱火灾中回燃现象的数值计算与分析

采用大涡模拟(LES)技术,对某双机双桨船舶机舱火灾进行封舱灭火过程中所出现的回燃现象进行了数值模拟.结合舱内温度研究了该过程中回燃现象产生的原因及过程,并对热量释放率、辐射量、热对流及温度场分布进行了分析,同时对回燃现象的危害性进行了说明.通过结果详细分析了从经验层次上所无法观察到的回燃现象所产生的影响,也为船舶机舱火灾的评估、船舶设计、防火规范的修订及灭火策略提供了重要参考.     

机械排烟控制航母机库火灾烟气运动大涡模拟

航母机库火灾是影响航母安全的重要因素。为研究航母机库火灾防护与控制技术,采用低速气流运动控制方程组和湍流燃烧大涡模拟方法仿真分析机械排烟条件下航母机库油料火灾的蔓延与烟气运动规律。结果表明：针对本算例机库几何尺寸和油池火规模,机械排烟量介于300~600 m3/s,不仅会增高热烟气层高度、降低下层烟气温度,还会降低火源附近的热流密度;当机械排烟量不超过600 m3/s时,采用机械排烟对油池火蔓延的强化影响不显著;机械排烟使热烟气排出温度明显增加,选择风机需要考虑耐温要求。     

大跨桥梁实测湍流风场的大涡模拟

为实现在大涡模拟(LES)中准确评估强风湍流对大跨桥梁的作用,关键难点在于生成符合桥梁真实强风特性的入口湍流。为此应用了一种新的规则化波矢量随机流生成方法PRFG³(Prescribed-wavevector Random Flow Generator),该方法遵守连续性方程和泰勒假设,可准确模拟目标湍流的脉动风谱、湍流度和湍流积分尺度等风特性参数。首先利用西堠门大桥结构健康监测系统(SHMS)2016年内采集的风速数据,选取了该桥址区10 min时距平均风速较大但风特性不同的2个强风样本,分析得到相应的强风特性参数;然后采用PRFG³方法合成了符合上述2个实测强风特性的均质各向异性湍流,同时为验证该方法用于主梁节段模型LES入口湍流的适用性,还模拟了缩尺比为1∶50的强风湍流场,并基于OPENFOAM平台,将3类风场赋予LES入口进行了数值计算;最后将LES流场中多个监测点的湍流特性与实测结果进行了对比。研究结果表明：2个实测风场在顺风向、横风向、竖风向的脉动风谱均与Von Kármán谱接近,顺风向湍流积分尺度最大约为192 m,各脉动风...     

实心转子同步电动机起动过程研究

本文介绍了基于场一路一运动耦合的时步有限元法,并应用Ansofl软件,通过编辑电机绕组外部控制电路,实现了同步电动机的自动投励过程的仿真,分析了电机空载启动时的电磁参数。     

Generation of cyclonic eddies in the Eastern Gotland Basin of the Baltic Sea following dense water inflows: numerical experiments

A sigma (σ)-coordinate ocean model by Blumberg and Mellor (POM) is applied to study the formation processes of mesoscale cyclones observed in the Eastern Gotland Basin following the dense water inflows. The initial conditions simulate a situation when the Arkona and Bornholm basins and partially the Slupsk Furrow are already filled with the inflow water of the North Sea origin, while the Eastern Gotland and Gdansk basins still contain the old water of pre-inflow stratification. Model runs with constant and time-dependent winds, changing the buoyancy forcing, grid geometry and bottom topography display the following. Entering the Eastern Gotland Basin from the Slupsk Furrow, the bottom intrusion of saline inflow water splits in two: one goes northeast towards the Gotland Deep, and second moves southeast towards the Gulf of Gdansk. An intensive mesoscale cyclonic eddy carrying the inflow water is generated just east of the Slupsk Furrow with the inflow pulse. A number of smaller cyclones with boluses of the inflow water are formed in the permanent halocline along the saline intrusion pathway to the Gotland Deep. Following Spall and Price [J. Phys. Oceanogr. 28 (1998) 1598], the cyclones are suggested to form by the adjustment of the high potential vorticity inflow water column to a low potential vorticity environment.     

高速列车制动模式探讨

高速列车的功能比普通列车的大几倍，而高速下轮机间的粘着系数及闸瓦与动轮之间的摩擦系数都降低了一个数量级，故高速列车必须采用新的制动体系，电阻制动技术成熟，而再生制动能回收大部分动能，且制动特性较好，在直流牵引电动机和交流同步，异步电动机驱动中得到广泛应用。盘形制动在高速车辆上是必不可少的。在非粘着的电气制动中，磁轨制动的磨耗大，适用于紧急制动，而轨道涡流制动在８０～３００ｋｍ／ｈ速度内，制动特性平     

Spatial distribution of cadmium over a cyclonic eddy in the southern East China Sea

Eddy systems are a unique ecosystem, usually having high biological masses and primary production in the sea. In this study, both particulate and dissolved phases of cadmium in the water column of 15 stations over a cyclonic eddy in the southern East China Sea were determined to obtain their spatial distributions. This allows us to confirm that cyclonic eddy systems play the role of a Cd pump in the sea.Results showed that particulate Cd (PCd) and dissolved Cd (DCd) concentrations in water varied greatly, ranging over two orders and one order of magnitude, respectively. Large spatial variability was found not only for PCd but also for DCd in the upper water, apparently due to the effects of the cyclonic eddy system on the Cd distributions over the study area. DCd accounts for about 99% of the total Cd. For the surface water, DCd concentration at the eddy center was about five times the average of the water surrounding the eddy center. The depth distributions of DCd exhibited a typical surface depletion and a subsequent increase with depth; however, the PCd distribution showed the opposite, i.e. a surface maximum and a subsequent decline with depth. In general, the DCd maxima were found at depths of 600–1000 m, agreeing well with the literature. It reflected the internal biogeochemical cycling of Cd in the water column, which was driven by the utilization of Cd by plankton in the euphotic zone and by the regeneration of Cd at depth. In addition, a remarkably high DCd concentration existed in near-bottom water around the cyclonic eddy center.The horizontal distributions of both PCd and DCd in the upper water shared a common feature with elevated concentrations centering around the eddy center and a decline in concentration with distance from the eddy center. This shows that the cyclonic eddy could bring up the Cd-rich deep water to the surface water around the eddy center and could then expand toward eddy's vicinity via advection–diffusion. It is thus likely that it produces ample biological masses over the eddy system. Hence, this work can demonstrate that the ascending nutrient-rich water driven by the cyclonic eddies can serve as an important source not only for many nutrients but also for Cd in the sea.