轨道交通票制与票种关系分析

为最大程度地发挥城市轨道交通的社会效益,提高运营企业的经济效益,需要对轨道交通票制与票种关系进行科学的研究与分析。阐述轨道交通的票制及其业务规则,归纳出各种票制对应的必要票卡参数;根据参数对应原则,分析各种票制对应的票种类型。将这些票种作为基本票种,通过票卡参数的扩展形成新的票种。结果表明,这种方法避免了引入新的票制或票种对轨道交通自动售检票系统的改造,使轨道交通收费策略从运营起始期到运营成熟期遵循渐变的原则,利于票务管理和乘客使用。     

���������˳�����Ϊ��������

以北京2005年出行调查数据中部分老年人个体出行行为信息为对象，分析比较了老年人个体出行行为与19-60岁的对比群体在出行率、出行时间、出行距离、出发时间、出行方式及出行目的等方面的特征，分析了老年人出行行为随年龄变化的规律，比较了城八区与远郊区县老年人出行行为的差异，研究了老年人基于家的出行链的出行特征与出行行为属性。研究表明，61-65年龄段老年人出行特征与对比人群的19-60年龄段差异不大，老年人出行率略低于对比人群，出行方式以步行为主，机动化水平明显低于对比人群；老年人出行距离随年龄急剧下降，性别、有无配偶、家庭结构等因素对老年人出行选择行为有显著影响。     

Analysis of Travel Characteristics of Elders in Beijing

On the basis of the information concerning individual travel behavior of partial elders in the data of travel survey in Beijing in 2005, the article analyzes and compares the individual travel characteristics between the elders and the 19–60-year-old population in the aspects of travel ratios, travel time, travel distances, departure time, travel modes, and travel purposes, analyzes the rules of variation of elders' travel behaviors with age, compares the differences of the travel behaviors of the elders between the eight urban districts and the outer suburb districts. It also studies the travel characteristics and attributes of the travel behaviors of the elders' home-based travel chain. The research indicates that differences of the travel characteristics between the 61–65-year-old elders and the 19–60-year-old contrastive population are small, the travel ratio of the elders is slightly lower than that of the contrastive population, the travel mode is mainly walking, and the flexibility level is significantly lower than that of the contrastive population. Besides, the travel distance of the elders falls off sharply with age, and other factors, such as sexes, spouses, family structures, etc., have significant impacts on the elders' travel behaviors.     

老年人日常出行的出发时刻选择研究

利用比例风险模型,构建了老年人出行出发时刻选择模型,并利用北京市第三次全市居民出行调查数据,对模型进行了回归分析.回归结果表明:老年人个人和家庭属性、出行属性、采用的交通方式等12个特征变量对老年人出发时刻的选择有不同程度的影响;12.5%和24.1%的老年人选择在7:00以前和10:00以后出行;69.5%的老年人选择8:00之前出行进行休闲锻炼,以休闲健身为出行目的的老年人的出发时刻相对较早.