表面选区强化对钢轨波磨处轮轨滚动接触行为的影响

层流等离子体表面强化技术可大幅提高钢轨表面的硬度和耐磨性。为了揭示强化处理对轮轨滚动接触行为的影响,建立同时考虑钢轨表面选区强化和短波波磨的三维轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型,数值计算了车轮高速滚过一个波磨周期的轮轨力、接触斑黏滑分布和残余应力应变。对比发现:表面选区强化对轮轨力和接触斑黏滑分布的影响较小,不影响钢轨承载性能;对钢轨表面残余应力应变分布的影响明显,残余应力主要集中在屈服强度较高的强化斑内而残余应变主要集中在韧性较好的基体材料上,表面选区强化有效结合了强化斑和基体材料的力学性能,形成了一种强韧的良好匹配。结果可为现场生产服务提供一定的理论指导和应用参考。     

Dynamic Simulation of a Smart Crank and Slider Mechanism

In this paper, a smart crank and slider mechanism is analyzed mostly from a dynamic view. By means of dynamic explicit finite element method, 3D nonlinear structure is simulated. It is proved that the mechanism can effectively accomplish smart movement prescribed. And in order to ensure reciprocal movement with higher frequency, measures should be taken to avoid over heating of parts. Compared with internal energy, kinetic energy of total rigid body is dominating, and Y direction equivalent rigid velocity is much higher than X direction velocity. Equivalent rigid velocity of all parts is consistent with respective movement condition. For both energy and velocity, slider effect is dominating. Three direction equivalent inertia force oscillates. Force amplitude in Y -direction is comparitively the greatest.     

A New Explicit Algorithm for Bi-Phasic Mixture Flow in MIM

Metal injection moulding (MIM) is a new technology to manufacture small intricate parts in large quantity. Numerical simulation plays an important role in its development. To predict the specific segregation effect in MIM injection, mixture theory is adopted to model the injection flow by a bi-phasic model. This model conducts to the solution of two-coupled Stokes equations. It is an extremely computational consuming solution in the scope of the traditional algorithms, which induce a serious challenge to cost-effectivity of the MIM simulation. Referred to some methods proposed by Lewis in mono-phasic simulation and the implicit algorithms in MIM simulation, a new explicit algorithm is proposed and realized to perform efficiently this type of bi-phasic flow. Numerically this algorithm is devised to perform the simulation in a fully uncoupled manner except for a global solution of the pressure field in each time step. The physical coupling is taken into account in a sequential pattern by fractional steps. This special algorithm does not need any iteration, so it is straightforward and robust, suitable for MIM simulation and other sorts of simulations for multi-phasic flow.     

地铁地下结构抗震分析并行计算显式与隐式算法比较

基于EM64T硬件构架、双路Intel Xeon处理器、Linux操作系统、64位ABAQUS软件、千兆以太网络为集群子网络构建的32CPU并行计算集群平台,对有限元并行计算中心差分显式算法与Hilber-Hughes-Taylor隐式算法的计算精度和效率以及ABAQUS软件中设置黏弹性人工边界计算精度进行比较验证。结果表明:显式与隐式算法计算精度基本相当,但显式算法计算效率远高于隐式算法。对地铁地下结构三维和二维非线性地震反应分析有限元并行计算显式和隐式算法进行对比研究,结果表明:对于自由度数为387 426的地铁车站结构三维非线性地震反应分析,8、16、32CPU并行计算显式和隐式算法耗时比依次为21.89%、23.10%、4.32%;对于自由度数为10 516的地铁车站结构二维非线性地震反应分析,1、2、4CPU并行计算隐式和显式算法计算耗时比依次为41.4%、45.3%、51.8%;多CPU并行计算显式算法适合求解大规模数值计算问题,多CPU并行计算隐式算法适合求解小规模数值计算问题。     

Numerical analysis of the dynamic interaction between wheel set and turnout crossing using the explicit finite element method

A three-dimensional (3-D) explicit dynamic finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the impact of the wheel on the crossing nose. The model consists of a wheel set moving over the turnout crossing. Realistic wheel, wing rail and crossing geometries have been used in the model. Using this model the dynamic responses of the system such as the contact forces between the wheel and the crossing, crossing nose displacements and accelerations, stresses in rail material as well as in sleepers and ballast can be obtained. Detailed analysis of the wheel set and crossing interaction using the local contact stress state in the rail is possible as well, which provides a good basis for prediction of the long-term behaviour of the crossing (fatigue analysis). In order to tune and validate the FE model field measurements conducted on several turnouts in the railway network in the Netherlands are used here. The parametric study including variations of the crossing nose geometries performed here demonstrates the capabilities of the developed model. The results of the validation and parametric study are presented and discussed.     

基于状态空间方法的显式GPC算法全局收敛性分析

采用状态方程的方法给出了基于ＣＡＲＭＡ模型的显式,ＧＰＣ算法的稳定性及收生证明,辨识算法采用增广最小二乘法。     

材料特性对转向柱碰撞性能影响的仿真研究

针对驾驶员容易在汽车正面碰撞过程中受到转向系统伤害的问题,以微型轿车的转向柱为研究对象,运用显式动力学有限元理论,建立了转向柱碰撞有限元模型;根据方向盘的碰撞要求,对材料分别为低碳钢、铝合金和高强度钢的转向柱的碰撞性能进行了研究;对比分析了转向柱的变形形态、运动位移、速度和吸能量。结果表明:铝合金和高强度钢在碰撞过程中的变形形态、变形量、碰撞时间以及吸能能力等方面均优于低碳钢,说明通过提高材料强度的方式改善转向柱的碰撞性能是可行的。研究成果为汽车转向柱的设计和碰撞性能的提高提供了依据。     

考虑拉剪耦合作用地震边坡稳定性分析

基于拉剪耦合作用,对Mohr-Coulomb强度准则进行修正。在不同坡高、不同高宽比的边坡底部入射3条经典地震波,对边坡进行动力稳定性分析。首先采用显式迭代子增量法编写考虑拉剪耦合作用的Mohr-Coulomb强度准则子程序,并在边坡模型的截断边界添加黏弹性人工边界、输入等效地震荷载,模拟边坡受到的地震作用;然后以单元分别受到压缩和拉伸作用为例验证子程序的正确性;通过与已有地震边坡的研究结果对比,表明在地震边坡分析中若不考虑材料的拉剪耦合作用,得出的结论偏危险;最后在边坡底部垂直入射3条地震波,分析不同坡高、不同高宽比的边坡在2种强度准则下安全系数的区别。研究结果表明：不同边坡（坡高、高宽比不同）在不同地震波（El-Centro,Kobe,Northridge）作用下的安全系数各不相同,但安全系数都随坡高增加和坡角增大而降低;考虑拉剪耦合作用边坡的安全系数小于不考虑拉剪耦合作用边坡的安全系数,并且其安全系数的变化各有特点;坡高和高宽比的变化影响边坡对地震波频段的响应;分析地震边坡的稳定性,应综合考虑材料的拉剪耦合作用以及边坡高度和高宽比的变化规律。     

车辆吸能部件的碰撞试验与数值仿真

为了设计某列车耐撞性车体,实现列车被动安全保护,进行了台车碰撞试验和数值仿真计算,研究了耐撞性车体吸能部件的吸能特性。在台车撞击试验过程中,吸能部件从预期部位开始发生稳定有序的塑性变形,吸收的冲击动能与最大变形量基本成正比关系,说明该部件具有良好的吸能效果。并在此基础上,应用显式动力有限元理论建立了其有限元撞击模型,进行了数值仿真计算。相关性分析结果表明:仿真结果与试验结果基本一致,在整个撞击过程中,撞击力曲线基本吻合,最大撞击力峰值分别为2486·3、2423·1kN,最大变形量误差和初始撞击力峰值误差都小于3%,反弹速度误差小于4%。显然,利用撞击试验验证了数值计算的有效性和可靠性,利用数值计算设计和优化车辆吸能部件是可行的。     

新型吸能装置的耐撞性分析

基于圆管的自由翻转提出了新型的能量吸收装置,采用显式有限元技术对新型吸能装置在轴向压缩下的翻转进行数值模拟,并对其能量吸收特性进行研究。通过与传统圆管的对比分析,表明这种新型吸能装置总体吸能效率显著高于传统的普通圆管。这种新型吸能装置能克服传统圆管翻转的缺点,在不需要夹具的情况下能够保持较长的有效压缩距离,具有良好的能量吸收特性。