孕妇外周血PCR技术用于胎儿产前性别诊断的可靠性分析

采用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术，以Ｙ染色体特异重复序列Ｙ１．１、Ｙ１．２和ＳＲＹ基因编码区Ｐ１、Ｐ２为引物，分析了用孕妇外周血进行胎儿性别诊断的可靠性，并与绒毛样本进行了对比。结果表明：用孕妇外周血时，Ｙ１．１，Ｙ１．２引物的诊断符合率为７５％；Ｐ１、Ｐ２引物不能扩增出Ｙ特异ＤＮＡ序列。而用绒毛样本时，两种引物的诊断符合率均为１００％。结果提示：孕妇外周血ＰＣＲ技术用于胎儿性别诊断尚有待改进，而采用绒毛样本进行胎儿性别诊断更为可靠。     

船用伙食冷库自控系统的改造设计

文章针对早期船用伙食冷库以继电器为主导的控制系统所存在的问题,以某一滚装客船冷库为例,根据该冷库的运行技术特点,开发出以西门子s7系列可编程控制器为核心的自动控制系统,满足了冷库运行过程的精确掌控、节约耗能和可靠性等要求。     

Reducing CO2 emissions in temperature-controlled road transportation using the LDVRP model

Temperature-controlled transport is needed to maintain the quality of products such as fresh and frozen foods and pharmaceuticals. Road transportation is responsible for a considerable part of global emissions. Temperature-controlled transportation exhausts even more emissions than ambient temperature transport because of the extra fuel requirements for cooling and because of leakage of refrigerant. The transportation sector is under pressure to improve both its environmental and economic performance. To explore opportunities to reach this goal, the Load-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem (LDVRP) model has been developed to optimize routing decisions taking into account fuel consumption and emissions related to the load of the vehicle. However, this model does not take refrigeration related emissions into account. We therefore propose an extension of the LDVRP model to optimize routing decisions and to account for refrigeration emissions in temperature-controlled transportation systems. This extended LDVRP model is applied in a case study in the Dutch frozen food industry. We show that taking the emissions caused by refrigeration in road transportation can result in different optimal routes and speeds compared with the LDVRP model and the standard Vehicle Routing Problem model. Moreover, taking the emissions caused by refrigeration into account improves the estimation of emissions related to temperature-controlled transportation. This model can help to reduce emissions of temperature-controlled road transportation.     

《白鹿原》的"性"叙事策略

《白鹿原》中的性描写在小说发表之初曾引起争议,但还是得到了读者和主流意识形态的一致认可,其中一个重要的原因就在于小说的性叙事策略,即将性"社会文化化",并采用"散点透视"的手法将性描写与故事的整体叙述有机融合。这种叙事策略至今仍然值得借鉴。     

国际劳工组织及经修正的MLC 2006简介

自2013年MLC2006生效以来,该公约经过三次修正,现已获90个成员国批准,且这些国家的商船总吨位超过世界商船总吨位的91%。MLC2006的最新版本为“经修正的MLC2006”,其包括MLC2006以及已生效的“2014年修正案”和“2016年修正案”。MLC2006的结构分为“条款”与“规则和守则”两部分,并在其中插入了“海事劳工公约的规则和守则的解释性说明”。在MLC2006中,“规则和守则”的第3篇“起居舱室、娱乐设施、食品和膳食服务”与船舶设计、建造的关系密切。文中对第3篇,尤其是“起居舱室的一般要求”、“卧室”、“照明和餐厅”、“卫生设施”等内容作了介绍。     

易腐食品冷链运输的安全分析对策

针对易腐食品冷链运输的特点,使用事故树评价法,建立食品冷链在流通过程中选择不同运输方式的安全模式。通过重要度定量分析求出系统发生事故的概率,结合事故后果严重度的估计进一步计算风险,以风险大小确定系统的安全程度,提出易腐食品冷链安全运输的改进对策。     

The influence of food quality on the nutritional acclimation of the copepod Acartia clausi

The influence of food quality on the nutritional metabolism of Acartia clausi was studied experimentally using four different diets: (1) diatom cells of Thalassiosira weissflogii, (2) detritus prepared from the same culture, (3) 50 : 50 mix on a protein basis of the two previous diets, and 4) dinoflagellate cells of Prorocentrum micans. For each trophic, ingestion, gut transit time, trypsin activity and K_m (half saturation constant) were measured at limiting and saturating concentration. Assimilation rates were also estimated for both pure diatoms and mixed live–detrital cell diets. Ingestion followed a Holling type 2 response for diets 1 and 4, a linear one for detritus and an intermediate response for diet 3. Gut transit time displayed different adaptive changes with food regime depending on protein concentration. Trypsin activity was lower for detrital food and trypsin K_m significantly decreased with increasing concentration of live diatoms. Assimilation rates were higher for live food than for mixed live–detrital food. Results illustrated that Acartia-type copepods optimize nitrogen or protein uptake. They suggest that besides chemoreception-mediated selectivity, internal controls by digestion and assimilation also regulate ingestion (feed-back).     

组胺对离体人输卵管峡部肌活动的影响

组胺可兴奋离体人输卵管峡部肌,且呈一定的剂量依赖性.组胺对人输卵管峡部肌的作用与体内激素状况有关,雌激素水平占优势时,输卵管峡部肌对组胺反应加强;孕激素水平占优势时,则反应减弱。酚妥拉明和苯海拉明可抑制组胺所致的兴奋效应,推测组胺对人输卵管的作用可能是间接促使内源性儿茶酚胺的释放或直接兴奋组胺受体所致。     

雌孕激素受体及表皮生长因子受体在肝海绵状血管瘤中的表达及其意义

目的　探讨肝海绵状血管瘤 (CHL)与性激素及其受体的关系。方法　采用同位素放免法测定 3 8例CHL患者术前外周血性激素 (E2 、PRO、T)水平 ,免疫组化ABC法检测瘤组织中激素受体 (ER、PR、EGFR)的表达。结果　①CHL男性患者外周血清雌二醇 (E2 )水平明显高于正常男性 ,而女性CHL患者血睾酮 (T)及雌二醇 (E2 )的水平却较正常女性为低 ;②增殖型和萎缩型CHL患者外周血E2 、PRO、T无差别 ;③ER在增殖型CHL组织中的表达明显高于萎缩型 ,差别显著 ,EGFR在增殖型和萎缩型中均有高表达 ,但两型比较无差别 ,PR在两型中的表达很低。结论　CHL男性患者血雌二醇增高 ,而女性血睾酮及雌二醇降低。CHL为雌激素依赖性肿瘤 ,ER和EGFR的高表达均可能与CHL增长有关     

女性阿尔茨海默病与雌激素水平的关系

目的分析女性阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者血清雌激素水平改变以及雌激素水平、初潮年龄、绝经年龄与AD严重程度的关系。方法采用1∶1病例配对的研究方法,通过问卷调查对全部研究对象进行MMSE、ADL、POD、FOM、WISE、HMT抑郁量表等测验;调查研究对象的初潮年龄、绝经年龄、怀孕次数等;用放射免疫法测定血清性激素水平。结果AD组雌二醇(E2)水平明显低于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05);AD组血清E2水平与痴呆严重程度和MMSE分值呈正相关(P<0.05);AD组初潮年龄明显大于对照组,绝经年龄明显早于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05);怀孕次数两组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),但AD组仍少于对照组。结论女性AD患者雌激素水平降低,雌激素缺乏可能是女性AD的危险因素之一。