山区高速公路驾驶人加减速行为建模

山区地形地质条件复杂,各类复杂的组合线形设计更为常见,例如直线与平曲线间组合或不同平曲线间组合。驾驶人在相邻组合路段行驶时会感知到线形的变化,引起驾驶行为的改变,最终车辆的纵向加速度也会随之改变。频繁的加减速行为会引起驾驶人不适,甚至形成安全隐患。目前针对相邻组合路段驾驶行为的研究中,关于加速度的研究主要基于路段特殊点进行计算。随着驾驶模拟技术的发展,高仿真驾驶模拟器为高速公路的设计评估提供了更好的数据及试验条件支撑。在高仿真驾驶模拟器中,基于湖南省永吉高速公路道路设计参数及周边地形环境参数,构建山区高速公路的三维虚拟模型,以山区高速公路中的相邻组合路段为研究对象,获取山区高速公路组合线形路段的车辆纵向加速度数据,提取加减速事件后,基于驾驶人的加减速行为,采用混合Logit模型,分别判定道路线形层和驾驶人层的影响,研究组合线形对驾驶人纵向加减速选择的具体影响变量以及变量的影响范围。研究结果表明：下游路段最大曲率、上游路段圆曲线段比例、下游路段变坡点数量、下游路段曲线数量、上游路段平均曲率和当前位置曲率等对驾驶人加减速行为有显著影响;通过对比混合Logit模型和多元Logit模型,指出驾驶人层面对模型结果的影响显著。研究结果提供了一种山区高速公路连续纵向加减速行为的建模方案,并可为研究驾驶人在复杂线形条件下的纵向加速度选择行为提供基础。     

高速公路收费标准制定方法探讨

为了促进已建高速公路的经营管理,合理配置社会资源,实现高速公路的可持续发展,对影响高速公路收费标准的多种因素进行了分析,探讨了收费总额的预测,并结合影响高速公路收费标准和各种因素和收费总额建立了收费标准模型。     

"盾构法"下穿高速公路施工技术应用

盾构法在下穿高速公路箱涵顶进施工中,具有不中断通行、不限跨径、施工安全、地质条件受限制小以及工程造价低、缩短施工周期等优点,因此具有很好的推广价值.     

德国高速公路电子收费系统

我国已建成的高速公路中,出于筹资还贷的原因,均实行了收费的政策和制度。在实际操作中,形成了不尽相同的收费系统。在介绍了电子收费系统(ElectronicTollCollection,ETC)研发背景的基础上,以德国2005年1月1日起实行的高速公路ETC为例,对电子收费系统框架及其关键技术进行了系统的描述,阐述了ETC的主要优点以及在实施中遇到的问题。最后,对我国ETC的应用提出建议。     

Estimating link travel time functions for heterogeneous traffic flows on freeways

Oversized vehicles, such as trucks, significantly contribute to traffic delays on freeways. Heterogeneous traffic populations, that is, those consisting of multiple vehicles types, can exhibit more complicated travel behaviors in the operating speed and performance, depending on the traffic volume as well as the proportions of vehicle types. In order to estimate the component travel time functions for heterogeneous traffic flows on a freeway, this study develops a microscopic traffic‐simulation based four‐step method. A piecewise continuous function is proposed for each vehicle type and its parameters are estimated using the traffic data generated by a microscopic traffic simulation model. The illustrated experiments based on VISSIM model indicate that (i) in addition to traffic volume, traffic composition has significant influence on the travel time of vehicles and (ii) the respective estimations for travel time of heterogeneous flows could greatly improve their estimation accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高速公路平纵线形与事故率的关系及其安全性评价

通过分析高速公路平纵线形指标与事故率的关系,引入线形影响因子,提出了基于线形影响因子的高速公路基本路段安全评价方法。首先,应用回归分析的方法,确定了平曲线半径、平曲线偏角、直线段长度、竖曲线半径及纵坡坡度与事故率的关系,在此基础上分析了弯坡组合、平竖曲线组合以及长大坡组合路段上的事故率。进而,结合事故率与线形的关系,以线形影响因子表征几何线形指标对高速公路事故率的影响,据此评价高速公路的行车安全性。案例分析结果表明,基于线形影响因子确定的危险路段与由实际事故率确定的危险路段具有极高的一致性,达到了81%。     

Modeling wrong-way crashes and fatalities on arterials and freeways

Wrong way driving (WWD) research and mitigation measures have primarily focused on limited access facilities. This is most likely due to the higher incidence of fatal WWD crashes with dramatic consequences on freeways, media attention, and a call for innovative solutions to address the problem. While public agencies and published literature address WWD incidence on freeway systems, the crash analyses on non-limited access facilities, i.e., arterial corridors, remains untouched. This research extends previous works and attempts to provide many new perspectives on arterial WWD incidence. In particular, one work showed that while WWD fatalities are more likely to occur on freeways, the likelihood of these crashes is higher on arterials. Hence this work with univariate and multivariate analyses of WWD and non-WWD crashes, and fatal and non-fatal WWD incidents. Results show the impressive negative impacts of alcohol use, driver defect, nighttime and weekend incidence, poor street lighting, low traffic volumes, rural geography, and median and shoulder widths. The objective here is to highlight the need for paying greater attention to WWD crashes on arterial corridors as is done with fatal WWD incidents on freeway systems. It suffices to say that while engineering countermeasures should evolve from the traditional signing and pavement markings to connected vehicle technology applications, there is a clear and compelling need to focus on educational campaigns specifically targeting drunken driving, and enforcement initiatives with an objective to mitigate WWD in the most efficient manner possible.