5-羟色胺转运体基因多态性和抑郁症的发病、性别、严重程度及自杀行为的相关性

目的探讨中国汉族人群5-羟色胺转运体启动区(5-HTTLPR)基因多态性和抑郁症的发病、性别、严重程度及自杀是否相关。方法应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增技术测定150例抑郁症患者和150例正常对照者的5-HT-TLPR基因型和等位基因,分别验证各种基因型与中、重度抑郁症发病、性别及自杀行为的相关性。结果病例组SS、LS基因型及S等位基因频率均高于对照组(26.0% vs.20.0%;52.7% vs.46.0%;52.3% vs.43.0%;P均<0.05);两组性别分层比较,女性S等位基因频率高于对照组(55.3% vs.43.6%,P<0.05);病例组严重程度分层比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病例组有无自杀行为分层比较,有自杀行为患者SS基因型频率(37.3% vs.20.2%)及S等位基因频率(61.8% vs.47.5%)均高于无自杀行为患者(P<0.05);抑郁自杀组性别分层比较未显示显著性差异(P>0.05);抑郁自杀组病情程度分层比较,重度抑郁自杀者SS基因型频率(42.5% vs.18.2%)及S等位基因频率(68.7% vs.36.4%)均高于中度抑郁自杀者(P<0.05)。结论在中国汉族人群中,5-HTTLPR多态性和抑郁症相关。S等位基因可能是抑郁症的易感基因,特别是女性,SS型可能是抑郁症易感基因型;S等位基因可能是抑郁症患者自杀的危险基因,SS基因型人群可能是抑郁症患者自杀的危险人群,特别是携带S等位基因的重度抑郁症患者更易自杀。     

当代大学生健康成长的思考与探索——中部地区某高校大学生心理健康状况的调查及思考

目的是考察中部地区某高校大学生心理健康状况,并比较心理健康的性别差异,为针对性开展心理健康教育和思想政治教育提供参考.采用了SCL-90,随机抽取352名中部地区某高校大学生(男生187人,女生165人)进行心理健康情况调查,将结果与全国青年人常模、男女生心理健康状况进行比较.本次调查的结论是该校大学生的心理健康状况总体水平偏低,有近三成的学生有轻度心理问题,不同性别的学生在症状上也有差异.     

Sea Cucumber Moratorium and Livelihood Diversity in Papua New Guinea

Livelihood diversity factors such as flexibility within fisheries, geographical mobility, reallocation of fishing effort into the broader economy, and the non-material benefits that fisheries provide are important areas of research in marine policy. We use two small-scale fisheries related socio-economic surveys of communities in the Tigak Islands of Papua New Guinea. The first conducted 5 years before a ban on the harvesting of sea cucumbers was imposed and the second from the present day, 5 years after the initiation of the ban—with the objectives of exploring changes in household fishing strategies (types and numbers of species targeted) and to identify any important socioeconomic factors that help explain those changes. Fishing's contribution to total household income has increased significantly (p = 0.019) up from 61% in 2004 to 73% in 2014 with the percentage of female residents living in a household now positively and significantly (p = 0.018) associated with fishing income. The average number of species categories targeted per household increased insignificantly while households with more women are significantly (p = 0.018) less likely to target more species than households with more men. Moreover, customary management practices contribute to this difference. Together, these results show that households are not worse off financially 5 years after the ban on sea cucumber harvesting and that gendered seascape use has implications for the role of livelihood diversity as a marine policy tool.     

欧标EN1992-1-1:2004与中国规范JTS 151—2011的异同

众多的海外设计项目要求设计者了解和掌握欧美的设计标准,通过项目设计实践,总结了欧洲设计标准体系之一的混凝土结构设计规范：EN1992-1-1:2004与我国标准JTS 151—2011 在设计原则与方法、材料特性、荷载系数、荷载组合、承载力计算等方面的异同点,供同行参考。     

浅析水泥新标准及其在公路工程中的应用

通过对水泥新标准、混凝土配合比设计新规程修订内容的分析，结合公路工程着重指出了新、旧标准的主要差异点和工作实际中应注意的事项，使新标准能够在公程中得以正确实施和采用。     

隐喻的语义理解及其跨文化差异比较

隐喻不仅是一种修辞手段，而且是一种思维方式，是人们的认识、思维、经历、甚至行为的基础，要学好一种语言，了解、正确理解与文化相关的隐喻是非常重要的。文中从语义理解入手．对英汉隐喻的跨文化差异从文化根源差异和英汉隐喻关系差异进行深入比较，有助于读者更好地学习英语隐喻，培养地道英语的思维习惯，提高理解和表达英语的能力。     

论英汉习语中设喻形象的翻译

比喻在英汉习语中的运用较多，但由于文化的不同，设喻形象上有较大差异。本文通过分析英汉习语差异的原因来论述英汉习语中设喻形象的翻译。     

性别刻板印象与儿童发展初探

无论何种政治体制的国家对于不同性别的主体都有着不同的角色期待。跨文化的研究发现,性别的刻板印象是任何一种文化下都存在的,一个社会通过分配给两性不同的任务来体现其不同的性别概念。自人类开始真正认识自己的时候,就已经通过他人的语言和行为认同了自己的性别特征,例如,在大部分父权社会中都认同的性别角色特征是:男孩子勇敢独立,将来要承担家庭、社会的责任,女孩子文静细腻,将来要成为一个贤妻良母。这种被大众认可了的性别特征就成了学校、家庭和社会对所有孩子的隐性培养目标,本文就性别刻板印象、性别角色和角色认同等方面进行论述,说明儿童教育中应克服性别刻板印象带来的负面影响,更好的对儿童进行有差别的教育,从而促进儿童的全面发展。     

Women’s mode and trip structure choices in daily activity-travel: a developing country perspective

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we analyze the travel patterns of Iranian women, where typical patriarchal views and specific social and cultural norms may differ from the patterns of those in western societies. In addition to inherent psycho-physical gender differences, women in Iran can face special constraints forcing them not to be involved in all activity-travel patterns that people in developed countries usually undertake. We pay special attention to the role of marital and employment status on women’s activity-travel patterns. To this end, we develop a joint mode and daily activity pattern (DAP) discrete choice model, which is a two-level mixed nested Logit. The upper nest of the proposed model embodies women’s DAP choices, and the lower nest belongs to the mode choices. In this paper, we try to show how different factors in a patriarchal Muslim society like Iran affect or restrict women’s type and structure of activity-travel patterns.     

外语教学中文化差异敏感性的培养

现代外语教学强调培养学生的跨文化交际能力,即在国际化、信息化社会中获得信息和处理信息的能力。现状调查和分析表明：目前外语学习者跨文化意识和文化差异敏感性并不强烈,文化教学在英语教学中的重要性也没有得到充分体现。因此,如何在外语教学中从不同的层面来培养学生的跨文化意识和文化差异的敏感性,提高其跨文化交际能力成为亟待解决的问题。