The effects of federal transit subsidy policy on investment decisions: The case of San Francisco's Geary Corridor

In the United States, federal funding for public transit often accounts for a large proportion of a local agency's budget, especially for capital investments. For this reason, local governments can be expected to plan a portfolio of projects that maximize federal contributions. This study examines the financial effects of federal transit subsidy policy on local transit investment decisions. Data from a System Planning Study for the Geary Corridor in San Francisco are used as an illustration. It is found that federal transit subsidy policy provides financial incentives for local decision-makers to select capital-intensive investment options that may not be efficient or effective. While federal financial incentives are not the only factor influencing local investment decisions, some reform of the current subsidy policy may be necessary to reduce the incentive for ineffective use of public resources.     

谈融资决策中的资金成本及最佳资本结构

现代商品经济发展需要企业拥有雄厚的资本。企业自主筹资是企业自主经营,自负盈亏的客观要求,企业该如何科学的、准确的进行融资决策,是企业在竞争中立于不败的关键。以华汕电子公司为例阐述资金成本,筹资风险及最佳资本结构对融资决策的影响。     

基于利益相关者理论对平衡计分卡基本分析框架的修正

平衡计分卡理论从利益相关者角度分析企业业绩评价问题,但在指标体系设计中,该理论并没有很好反映企业与政府、社区等利益相关者之间的关系,这点在现代企业竞争中非常重要,尤其是在我国这样一个市场经济体制还不健全的市场中,忽视与政府和社区的关系显然是一个较严重的缺陷。因此,我国引入平衡计分卡理论,机械地照搬其理论框架并不能很好地解决我国企业的业绩评价问题。本文在界定企业的利益相关者的基础上,对该理论框架增补了一个社会责任维度,将政府与社区作为两个关键的利益相关者纳入企业的评价范围,旨在使该理论本土化,为我国战略业绩评价体系的构建提供较科学的理论基础。     

影响企业家薪酬的关键因素分析

随着我国市场经济体制的建立和国有企业改革的深入,企业家逐渐代替政府官员成为经济的主导角色。体制的转型和变革使得原有的企业家激励约束机制呈现出种种弊端,对企业家激励约束机制的变革成为当前国有企业改革的重点之一。结合我国企业实际情况,系统地分析影响企业家薪酬的基本因素,从而为构建企业家报酬结构模型和确立企业家薪酬模式奠定基础。     

做好交通行业政务信息工作的研究

以山东省港航业政务信息工作为例，对如何做好交通行业政务信息工作进行研究。做好交通行业政务信息工作的关键是要根据交通行业的特点，构建交通政务信息网络；围绕港航行业管理内容，突出港航信息特色；同时也离不开领导的重视和支持。     

商业银行资本配置风险管理

商业银行风险管理的核心问题是商业银行资本和风险精确地匹配。本文借鉴国际经验,结合我国商业银行的实际情况,提出了从资本配置的角度对商业银行的整体经营风险进行有效地控制和管理。商业银行的风险管理应建立呆帐准备金、资本充足率、存款保险制度三道防线,在商业银行内部需要建立以VaR为基础的风险评估框架模型,使资本和风险匹配更加精确。     

治国方略与人性假设

中西不同的人性论预设,导致了不同的治国方略和制度路径.人性善或经验主义人性恶假设是人治和专制治理的理论基础;理性主义人性恶假设是法治的理论基础.人性善强调了道德自律的可能性,但缺乏预警机制,理性主义人性恶的不足在于过分强调人性中的阴暗,忽略了人的主动性.人性善或经验主义人性恶假设是人治和专制治理的理论基础;理性主义人性恶假设是法治的理论基础.人性善强调了道德自律的可能性,但缺乏预警机制,理性主义人性恶的不足在于过分强调人性中的阴暗,忽略了人的主动性.理想的治理结构应该是德治与法治的统一,其理论基础是理性与非理性,善与恶相统一的人性论假设.理想的治理结构应该是德治与法治的统一,其理论基础是理性与非理性,善与恶相统一的人性论假设.     

泛亚铁路资本运作方式探索

泛亚铁路有东线、西线、中线三种方案,每种方案的国际资本构成将会各不相同;中国在每种方案里的投资策略也各不相同;泛亚铁路工程的中国资本运作方式有多种,其中值得重视的有向泛亚铁路股份有限公司投资入股、BOT投资方式、逆向BOT投资方式、给予沿线有关国家以国家贷款(以泛亚铁路的收益为担保)等;泛亚铁路工程资本运作应重点解决为各类投资主体提供必要国家保护、予以适当外汇管理优惠和税收优惠等问题;良好的泛亚铁路工程资本运作将使东盟——中国自由贸易区17亿人民从中受惠.     

船检履约与应对IMO强制审核要点与措施研究

为促进全球海上安全和防污染相关国际公约的有效执行,国际海事组织于2009年批准了"IMO成员国自愿审核机制"强制化,我国将于2021年接受IMO的强制审核。船检占强制审核政府义务条款大部分内容,其被视为IMO进行强制审核的重点领域。因此,本文拟针对IMO履约规则及相关国际公约中有关船检的管理要求,对我国海事船检履约情况进行评估,分析我国船检海事立法与管理方面存在的问题,提出我国针对船检履约与应对IMO强制审核的要点及改进措施,以满足2021年IMO强制审核的要求。     

Exploring active transportation investments and associated benefits for municipal budgets: a scoping review

Municipalities play an important role in the planning and development of communities that support active transportation (AT), which refers to human-powered modes of travel, such as walking and cycling. Municipal-level stakeholders involved in land-use and transportation infrastructure planning consider multiple social, environmental and economic considerations to inform decision-making and investments in AT. Evidence around the fiscal benefits of AT investment for local governments has not been systematically identified. This scoping review sought to explore the existing evidence regarding investments in AT and opportunities for savings on municipal expenditures and revenue generation. In total, 7060 records were located and screened; of which 162 full-text articles were reviewed. Ultimately, 23 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The available evidence focuses on potential economic benefits of AT in the areas of tax revenues, property values, consumer spending and employment, all of which are relevant sources of revenue generation in municipal operating budgets. An evidence gap was identified regarding AT infrastructure investments and benefits corresponding to municipal expenditures (e.g. maintenance cost savings). Notably, a large portion of literature was published after 2009, suggesting that municipal-level evidence on the fiscal benefits of AT investments may just be emerging.