以稻壳为载体培养反硝化菌及硝酸盐氮的去除

研究了以稻壳为载体培养固定反硝化菌及其影响因素,并进行了模拟废水硝酸盐 氮的去除实验．结果表明：稻壳固定反硝化菌能有效地去除水中的ＮＯ３－,降解速率为 ５．９ｍｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）,去除率达到９１．６％,稻壳培养反硝化菌的最适ｐＨ和温度分别是７．６和３０℃．     

The shoaling of nutrient-enriched subsurface waters as a mechanism to sustain primary productivity off Central Baja California during El Niño winters

Using CalCOFI data for coastal shallow stations (above 100 m depth), higher than expected nitrate concentrations were detected in near-surface high-temperature waters off of Central Baja California during some El Niño winters. Though recent data are not available for Central Baja California, past El Niño data, though limited, showed nitrate concentrations above 16 μM at temperatures above 16 °C, and nitrate concentrations between 1 and 2 μM at 19 °C, while the previously established relationship of temperature and nitrate for California Current waters predicts nitrate depletion above 14 or 15 °C. The anomalous, high temperature–high nitrate enrichment events documented in Central Baja California were detected as shallow as 9 m and as deep as 73 m, were associated with low-oxygen (between 2 and 4 ml/l) and high-salinity (between 33.8 and 34.3 psu) waters, and occurred during the winter months of an El Niño year. Using recent data for San Diego, CA, similar but weaker enrichment events were detected for the El Niño winter of 1997–1998. The periodic shoaling of a subsurface subtropical water mass of high temperature, high salinity, low oxygen and high nutrients during some El Niño winters is proposed to cause periodic enrichment and to maintain productivity during warming events in this area. Enrichment events were not detected off Ensenada, in Northern Baja California, possibly due to the amplification of the onshore flow during El Niño there, or due to the Ensenada front. The proposed mechanism of periodic enrichment of nutrient-depleted surface waters during some El Niño winters by subsurface waters from the California Undercurrent may explain the following: (1) survival of giant kelp forests at their southern limit in Central Baja California documented during past El Niño events in warm waters, (2) the rapid recovery and high carrying capacity of giant kelp documented after the mass disappearance during El Niño 1997–1998, and (3) the increase in the extent of mesotrophic chlorophyll detected in the area during the 1997–1998 and 1982–1983 El Niño events.     

硝酸胍废水处理工艺过程研究

研究了离子交换,缺氧-好氧膜生物反应器（A/O MBR）组合工艺处理硝酸胍废水.主要研究了树脂对硝酸胍的吸附、再生,结果表明：硝酸胍浓度为7.1 g/L,吸附流速控制在0.79 L/h,再生流速控制在0.39 L/h,再生剂选用4倍树脂体积15％硝酸钠时可以很好地实现树脂的吸附、再生.离子交换,A/O MBR组合工艺对硝酸胍废水的处理结果表明,硝酸胍废水氨氮值在200 ～ 300 mg/L之间通过树脂旨处理后,出水氨氮平均值为1.8 mg/L,去除率可以达到99％;A/O MBR出水硝酸盐氮平均值为1.3 mg/L,去除率达到99.3％,MBR出水COD值可以达到20 mg/L以下.     

三峡库区箭滩河硝酸盐氮及亚硝酸盐氮分布特征

于枯水期采集三峡库区箭滩河沿线38个地点地表水样和沿途农村饮用井水/泉水13个水样,分别测定了水体中硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮含量;分析了枯水期箭滩河地表水及饮用井水中硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮分布及变化特征;阐明了地表水、地下水体中硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度之间的相关关系,及硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度与高程之间的关系.研究结果表明:...     

硝酸亚铈对培养的正常细胞的毒性作用及对肿瘤细胞的抑瘤效应

目的 探讨硝酸亚铈体外毒性、抑瘤率及其对细胞周期的影响.方法 采用MTT法检测硝酸亚铈对正常细胞系FL、L929体外毒性,对肿瘤细胞系Hela、SGC-7901、B16、Lewis、K562、H_(22)的体外抑瘤效应.采用流式细胞仪检测硝酸亚铈对SGC-7901的细胞周期影响.结果 硝酸亚铈在0.64 mmol/L以下时对FL、L929无任何毒副作用;硝酸亚铈在0.64 mmol/L以上时对以上6种肿瘤细胞均有明显的抑制增殖作用,在0.08 mmol/L时对HeLa、SGC-7901、B16及K562肿瘤细胞表现出显著的抑制增殖作用,在0.01、0.04 mmol/L时,对H_(22)亦有显著抑制作用;0.08 mmol/L硝酸亚铈作用48 h,能显著延长SGC-7901细胞株的G0/G1期,缩短S期;1.28 mmol/L硝酸亚铈作用48 h,除了能够显著延长SGC-7901细胞株的G0/G1期,显著缩短S期以外,还能延长G2/M期.结论 硝酸亚铈对正常细胞具有低毒性和高度选择性,在体外通过影响细胞周期来抑制多种肿瘤细胞的生长和增殖.     

环境水样中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐监测方法研究

试验发现,硝酸根在海绵锌镉还原剂的存在下被还原为亚硝酸根.基于这一试验结果,采用H2O2 鲁米诺化学发光体系对亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐进行在线分析,建立了同时测定亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的新方法.用此法测定亚硝酸根的线性范围为3×10-3 ~3mg/L,检出限为1. 5×10-3 mg/L;测定硝酸根的线性范围为1~100mg/L,检出限为0. 33mg/L.此法已用于天然水样中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐同时监测,结果表明,最大相对标准偏差不超过4%.     

肝癌特异γ-谷氨酰转肽酶同功酶Ⅱ活性检测及其临床价值

目的　探讨患者血清肝癌特异γ 谷氨酰转肽酶同功酶Ⅱ (GGTⅡ )活性与肝癌生物学行为的相关性及其临床价值。方法　用硝酸纤维膜特异免疫吸附法 (NSIA)对患者血清中GGTⅡ进行定性检测。结果　原发性肝癌(PHC)检测敏感性为 83 .77% ,特异性为 98.0 4% ,转移性肝癌 (MLT)诊断阳性率为 7.5 5 % ,对AFP阴性的PHC患者检测阳性率为 65 .91%。结论　NSIA检测GGTⅡ简便、快速、微量、灵敏、经济 ,可用于PHC的辅助诊断、鉴别诊断和早期发现 ,也可作为其他肝癌标志物的补充     

Phytoplanktonic nutrient utilisation and nutrient signature in the Southern Ocean

The separation in Southern Ocean provinces of silicate excess at nitrate exhaustion and of nitrate excess at silicate exhaustion was already introduced by Kamykowski and Zentara (Kamykowski, D., Zentara, S.J., 1985. Nitrate and silicic acid in the world ocean: patterns and processes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 26, 47–59; and Kamykowski, D., Zentara, S.J., 1989. Circumpolar plant nutrient covariation in the Southern Ocean: patterns and processes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 58, 101–111) and our investigations of the silicate to nitrate uptake ratios confirm the earlier distinction. Oligotrophic antarctic waters mainly exhibit proportionally higher silicate removal what induces a potential for nitrate excess. The nitrogen uptake regime of such areas is characterised by low absolute as well as specific nitrate uptake rates throughout. Maximal values did not exceed 0.15 μM d⁻¹ and 0.005 h⁻¹, respectively. Corresponding f-ratios ranged from 0.39 to 0.86. This scenario contrasts strikingly to the more fertile ice edge areas. They showed a drastic but short vernal increase in nitrate uptake. Absolute uptake rates reached a maximum value of 2.18 μM d⁻¹ whereas the maximal specific uptake rate was 0.063 h⁻¹. In addition to an optimal physical environment for bloom development, accumulation of ammonium stimulated nitrate uptake in a direct or indirect way. Since ammonium build-up in surface waters traces enhanced remineralisation, release of other essential compounds during degradation of organic matter might have been the main trigger. This peak nitrate utilisation during early spring led to the observed potential for silicate excess. With increasing seasonal maturity the nitrate uptake became inhibited by the presence of enhanced ammonium availability (up to 8% of the inorganic nitrogen pool), however, and after a short period of intensive nitrate consumption the uptake rates drop to very low levels, which are comparable to the ones observed in the area of nitrate excess at silicate exhaustion.     

伏安法测定PM2.5中的硝酸根离子

利用多孔铜修饰电极检测PM 2.5中硝酸根离子的含量.探讨了硝酸根离子在多孔铜修饰电极上的电化学性质.研究了硝酸根离子的响应电流与浓度的关系.结果表明:硝酸根离子还原峰电流与其浓度在6.67×10-6 ～2.00×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.998,方法检出限为2.00×10-6 mol/L.将该方法用于PM2.5中硝酸根离子含量的检测,测定结果与用分光光度法测定相近,说明该电化学测定方法可以用于PM2.5中硝酸根离子含量的检测结果是可靠的,具有一定的实用价值.     

人体真菌还原硝酸盐作用的研究及其意义

为了研究人体所带真菌是否具有还原硝酸盐为亚硝酸盐的作用,从而研讨人类肿瘤病因中真菌因素的可能作用机理,我们用由妇女阴道及宫颈部分离出的多种真菌,进行了还原硝酸盐实验研究,并对其结果在医学上的意义作了讨论。实验结果表明短密青霉还原硝酸盐阳性率很高,略阳为72.73%(56/77),五峰为67.65%(23/34)。酵母及假丝酵母属真菌实验菌株数很少,还原阳性率也低。有些实验真菌如白曲霉、土曲霉、黄柄曲霉、屡地青霉、产紫青霉以及砖红酵母虽然还原阳性率很高,但由于这些真菌在综考中检出率很低,实验菌株数也少,故在肿瘤病因上的意义可能不大。