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1.
In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses.In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles’ charging time as a function of the parameters CO2eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO2eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO2 are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle.In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO2eq emissions is similar, at 14.9%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO2eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO2eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5% CO2eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power. 相似文献
2.
对我国职业指导的思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杨峰 《武汉航海(武汉航海职业技术学院学报)》2006,(1)
在我国职业指导及其教育还是一个新生事物。为了更好地开展职业指导和教育,本文分析了职业指导的产生及其重要性,分析了我国职业指导存在的问题,试图探讨我国职业指导的改革和发展。 相似文献
3.
讨论了北部湾边际油田-WZ11-1N油田开发的工程策略,通过技术和经济上的综合分析,WZ11-1N油田采用了“三一”模式依托开发的成果,在应用涠洲地区成熟的、较先进的工程技术和开发经验的基础上,对依托平台/管线的处理工艺和寿命进行了详细的优化和校核,同时采用了电力组网新技术,达到了降低工程投资,提高油田收益的目的。另外在总体布置上为未来油田的依托开发预留了空间。 相似文献
4.
Hironao Kawashima 《Transportation》1990,17(3):263-284
A perspective view of of Japanese R&D activities of Driver Information Systems is given from the standpoint of developing joint projects by public and private sectors. First, a brief history of the R&D activities is illustrated from above mentioned standpoint. Then, two major projects, AMTICS and RACS, and the social backgrounds of these projects are explained. In order to give a clear idea of both projects some technical details are treated.Based on the history and the present status of the developments, the basic design conceptions of Japanese Driver Information Systems are explained and several factors or reasons which have influenced to the design conception are discussed. Then, the promoting systems of the R&D activities are generally explained and present status of the projects and future problems in developing more advanced systems are also handled. A brief discussion on the establishment of international standard is also mentioned as a final comment. 相似文献
5.
徐凤 《南通航运职业技术学院学报》2010,9(3):109-112
文章通过问卷调查及其结果,分析了目前高职院校职业发展与就业指导课程体系的现状,提出了开设高职院校职业发展与就业指导课程的几点建议。 相似文献
6.
7.
在分析双电感半桥电路的基础上,提出了一种基于改进半桥拓扑结构的新型有源电力滤波器,它消除了传统有源滤波器拓扑的桥臂直通故障隐患,且具有可高频、高效率运行的优点。文章详细分析了其工作原理,给出了相应的控制策略。仿真和实验结果验证了这种新型有源滤波器的可行性。 相似文献
8.
阐述港铁公司在轨道交通领域的拓展情况和在拓展中所面临的机遇与风险,总结拓展策略的优势与劣势。结合国内城轨发展形势、政策走向,分析港铁公司的拓展对内地轨道交通运营商的影响。 相似文献
9.
互联网+和大数据技术的不断发展和进步让信息经济时代真正地到来了。伴随着电子商务从起步到发展,很多的电商运营平台也逐渐凸显出自己的价值和地位。与此同时,电子商务的营销模式也从传统的B2B、B2C模式向着O2O、C2B的方向发展。全地形车,是一种十分独特的车型,适用的范围和人群也具有特定性。为此,在新媒体的环境之下,如何进行全地形车的营销,如何能够为全地形车吸引到更多的受众群体,这正是本文所要探究的关键所在。为此,文章在对全地形车的基本内涵、主要分类进行阐述和分析以后,针对全地形车这一个特殊车型的营销模式的创新和进步,提出了一些见解和主张。 相似文献
10.
长江经济带沿江铁路通道规划建设必要性分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
《铁道标准设计通讯》2017,(6):49-52
长江经济带发展正式上升为国家战略。沿江铁路通道横跨我国长江经济带,是我国长江经济带发展战略的支撑性通道。以沿江通道区位特征、产业布局、经济特征为依据,通过分析沿江铁路通道的发展现状、存在问题,通道内不同时期铁路运输需求,以及对拟建项目的功能定位进行分析,从而提出沿江铁路通道规划建设的必要性。 相似文献