昆明东风路立交桥动载试验分析

桥梁结构的动力特性(振型、频率和阻尼)是桥梁承载力评定的重要参数,同时也是识别桥梁结构工作性能和桥梁抗震分析的重要参数,本文通过昆明东风路立交桥的动载试验,分析桥梁在不同工况下动应变、动挠度、频率和阻尼以及影响实测冲击系数的原因。对全面地评价桥梁结构有重要意义。     

Field tests of a dynamic green driving strategy based on inter-vehicle communication

This paper presents the design and results for field tests regarding the environmental benefits in stop-and-go traffic of an algorithmic green driving strategy based on inter-vehicle communication (IVC), which was proposed in Yang and Jin (2014). The green driving strategy dynamically calculates advisory speed limits for vehicles equipped with IVC devices so as to smooth their speed profiles and reduce their emissions and fuel consumption. For the field tests, we develop a smartphone-based IVC system, in which vehicles’ speeds and locations are collected by GPS and accelerometer sensors embedded in smartphones, and communications among vehicles are enabled by specially designed smartphone applications, a central server, and 4G cellular networks. Six field tests are carried out on an uninterrupted ring road under slow or fast stop-and-go traffic conditions. We compare the performances of three alternatives: no green driving, heuristic green driving, and the IVC-based algorithmic green driving. Results show that heuristic green driving has better smoothing and environmental effects than no green driving, but the IVC-based algorithmic green driving outperforms both. In the future, we are interested in field tests under more realistic traffic conditions.     

Centrifuge modelling of pipe-soil interaction in clay with crust layer

Seabed in regions, such as the Gulf of Guinea and North West Shelf of Australia, may exhibit a crust layer where the undrained shear strength can be an order of magnitude higher than that of the immediately underlying sediment. This can complicate design of steel catenary risers, where fatigue depends on the cyclic vertical stiffness of the pipe-soil interaction. Potential punch-through of the riser into the underlying soft soil may invalidate design assumptions based on the pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness within the crust layer, which exhibits similar properties to an over-consolidated soil, is also poorly understood. This paper describes centrifuge model tests undertaken in a clay sample with a crust layer, simulating the punch-through process of a pipe under load control and investigating the pipe-soil stiffness during long-term cyclic loading tests under displacement control. Results confirm that the potential for punching-through the crust layer depends strongly on the relative ratio of pipe diameter to crust layer thickness. The long-term evolution of pipe-soil stiffness showed a steady increase after an initial remoulding stage in contractile soils (normally consolidated and lightly over-consolidated), but a steady reduction in the heavily over-consolidated, more dilatant, crust. The magnitude of pipe-soil stiffness changes (during both remoulding and reconsolidation) is governed by the over-consolidation ratio of the soil and the amplitude of the cyclic displacements. This study provides insights on the relevant cyclic stiffness to consider when assessing SCR fatigue life in over-consolidated soils and soils exhibiting a superficial crust layer.     

绿泥石片岩地层大跨度公路隧道大变形控制及合理支护形式现场试验

为了探索绿泥石片岩地层大跨度公路隧道大变形控制技术及合理支护形式,以陕西省宝(鸡)汉(中)高速公路连城山隧道工程为依托,针对采用单层I22b、双层I22b和双层HK200b钢架的3种初期支护形式,通过对围岩变形和支护结构受力进行现场量测,对比分析了不同初期支护形式的变形控制效果,提出了大跨度公路隧道软岩大变形控制方法和支护体系。研究结果表明:“大预留+双层HK200b钢架分次强支护+大管径长锁脚锚管+深仰拱”联合支护体系能有效控制隧道大变形灾害,避免初期支护变形侵限及频繁拆换拱;该支护体系中第1层初期支护钢架的刚度不宜太弱,以避免因其刚度不足导致的局部失稳和局部拆换问题;试验断面第2层初期支护的接触压力约占第1层初期支护围岩压力的61%,二次衬砌接触压力约占第1层初期支护围岩压力的40%;调整仰拱曲率对于优化结构受力和防治仰拱底鼓作用显著;基于对连城山隧道试验断面围岩压力和径向位移的统计分析,建立了不同支护阶段和不同刚度下的围岩-支护特征曲线,揭示了围岩与支护的相互动态作用机制和“多层分次强支护”大变形控制方法的支护作用机制;结合连城山隧道大变形处置实践,总结提出了“三台阶留核心土法+大预留、多层、分次支护+大管径长锁脚锚管+深仰拱”的大变形控制技术、“不侵限、不换拱、不破坏压密区”的大变形防控理念及“大断面、少分步、快挖快支”的施工原则。研究成果可为类似软岩隧道大变形控制提供重要借鉴。     

盛洪卿隧道变形的现场监测和数值分析

通过对武九客运专线盛洪卿隧道施工现场监测资料的研究,结合数值分析论证了该隧道河侧采取回填反压变更设计的科学性,并探讨了隧道施工监测的新方法.指出隧道施工监测对于隧道施工质量的提高和运营安全有着重要的指导意义.     

强夯施工对环境振动的影响分析

利用强夯法加固软弱地基时,其夯击能将以波的形式向外扩散,进而导致周围环境的振动.本文以半无限弹性体理论为基础,考察了瑞利波的径向振动量和竖向振动量沿地基深度的衰减特性,认为竖向振动量是引发环境安全的主要因素;通过现场实测,研究了强夯引起的自由场地地面振动加速度及振动速度随距离的衰减规律,并对隔振沟的隔振效果进行了测试研究.     

青岛前湾港南港区混合土的研究

工程中常见淤泥类土与砂类土相混构成的混合土,其中淤泥类土土质极软但在土工试验中却可得出较大内摩擦角.以青岛港前湾港区南区的混合土为例,阐述混合土的成因和分布特征,分析与评价混合土的物理力学性质和采用混合土工程设计特性指标的原则、方法,并提出该地区混合土工程特性指标.     

Unsteady finite-depth effects during resistance tests on a ship model in a towing tank

This paper covers an extension of the study of Doctors et al. (J Ship Res 52(4):263–273, 2008) on oscillations in wave resistance during the constant-velocity phase of a towing-tank resistance test on a ship model to the case of relatively shallow water. We demonstrate here that the unsteady effects are very prominent and that it is essentially impossible to achieve a steady-state resistance curve in a towing tank of typical proportions for a water-depth-to-model-length ratio of 0.25. This statement is particularly true in the speed region near a depth Froude number of unity. However, on the positive side, we show here that an application of unsteady linearized wave-resistance theory provides an excellent prediction of the measured total resistance, when one accounts for the form factor in the usual manner. Finally, a simple application of the results to the planning and analysis of towing-tank tests is presented.     

高性能排水板在淤泥地基筑堤工程中的应用效果

为验证采用高性能排水板作为淤泥质土径向排水通道的适用性和效果,在连云港徐圩港区设置一段高性能排水板试验段,埋设部分原位观测仪器。通过高性能排水板和普通排水板标段地基固结度和深层水平位移的对比来研究高性能排水板的应用效果。对比结果表明:高性能排水板应用效果良好;同样工期内,高性能排水板地基比普通排水板试验段地基的固结度高,深层水平位移小。     

原位反应制备从Al_2O_3颗粒增强铝基复合材料

利用差分扫描热分析研究了利用Ａｌ－Ｎｂ２Ｏ５系统制备Ａｌ２Ｏ３颗粒增强金属基复合材 料这的原位反应过程：用Ｘ－射线衍射分析了反应过程中的相变．实验结果表明，Ｎｂ 的还原和ＮｂＡｌ３金属间化合物的形成反应发生在Ａｌ的熔点以下；在９３９℃完成．在低温 下，试样的局部发生少量的原位反应；整个试样内部同时发生原位反应是在９３９℃放热峰 所覆盖的温度区间．最终显微组织中存在相同形态不同尺寸的ＮｂＡｌ３相．低温形成的 ＮｂＡｌ３相由于经历了长大过程而尺寸较大；高温形成的ＮｂＡｌ３相尺寸较小．