Fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon in three estuarine systems of the Cantabrian Sea (north of Spain)

The diffusive and in situ fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) have been measured and an estimation has been made of the water–atmosphere fluxes of CO₂ in three estuarine systems of the Cantabrian Sea during the spring of 1998. Each of these systems undergoes a different anthropogenic influence. The diffusive fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity obtained present values ranging between 0.54–2.65 and 0.0–2.4 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹, respectively. These ranges are in agreement with those of other coastal systems. The in situ fluxes are high and extremely variable (35–284 mmol TA m⁻² day⁻¹, 43–554 mmol DIC m⁻² day⁻¹ and 22–261 mmol dissolved oxygen (DO) m⁻² day⁻¹), because the systems studied are very heterogeneous. The values of the ratio of the in situ fluxes of TA and DIC show on average that the rate of dissolution of CaCO₃ is 0.37 times that of organic carbon oxidation. Equally, the interval of variation of the relationship between the benthic fluxes of inorganic carbon and oxygen (F_DIC/F_DO) is very wide (0.3–13.9), which demonstrates the different contributions made by the processes of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of the organic matter, as well as by the dissolution–precipitation of CaCO₃. The water–atmosphere fluxes of CO₂ present a clear dependence on the salinity. The brackish water of these systems (salinity<20), where maximum fluxes of 989 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹ have been estimated, act as a source of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The more saline zones of the estuary (salinity>30) act as a sink of CO₂, with fluxes between −5 and −10 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹.     

Inorganic carbon fluxes through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin based on in situ observations and water transport estimates

A carbon budget for the exchange of total dissolved inorganic carbon C_T between the Greenland Sea and the surrounding seas has been constructed for winter and summer situations. An extensive data set of C_T collected over the years 1994–1997 within the European Sub-polar Ocean Programmes (ESOP1 and ESOP2) are used for the budget calculation. Based on these data, mean values of C_T in eight different boxes representing the inflow and outflow of water through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin are estimated. The obtained values are then combined with simulated water transports taken from the ESOP2 version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The fluxes of inorganic carbon are presented for three layers; a surface mixed layer, an intermediate layer and a deep layer, and the imbalance in the fluxes are attributed to air–sea exchange, biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and sedimentation. The main influx of carbon is found in the surface and the deep layers in the Fram Strait, and in the surface waters of direct Atlantic origin, whereas the main outflux is found in the surface layer over the Jan Mayen Fracture Zone and the Knipovich Ridge, transporting carbon into the Atlantic Ocean via the Denmark Strait and towards the Arctic Ocean via the Norwegian Sea, respectively. The flux calculation indicates that there is a net transport of carbon out of the Greenland Sea during wintertime. In the absence of biological activity, this imbalance is attributed to air sea exchange, and requires an oceanic uptake of CO₂ of 0.024±0.006 Gt C yr⁻¹. The flux calculations from the summer period are complicated by biological fixation of inorganic carbon, and show that data on organic carbon is required in order to estimate the air–sea exchange in the area.     

减小无机结合料稳定材料基层沥青路面收缩裂缝的措施和方法

无机结合料稳定材料基层常被称为半刚性基层,为我国目前使用最广泛的路面基层类型。但无机结合稳定材料基层存在着一个较大缺点:因其本身容易产生收缩裂缝,故使路面形成反射裂缝。该文通过分析无机结合料稳定材料收缩裂缝的成因,提出了减少无机结合料稳定材料收缩裂缝的方法,以及如何减少无机结合料稳定材料收缩裂缝反射到路面的方法,为实际工程提供参考。     

川藏铁路某隧道不明气体成因机制研究

为解决复杂地质条件地区隧道工程建设中出现的不明气体问题,以川藏铁路某隧道出现不明气体为切入点,结合工程地质学、地球化学等学科交叉的研究方法与思路,对该不明气体的成因机制及演化特征进行研究,探索一种研究不明气体的新思路。基于现场采样测试与全天候监测,总结分析该不明气体成分特征及其演化规律,得出该不明气体为混合成因气体;同时,从不明气体的工程地质条件入手,着眼于区域油气资源和煤系地层的分布及区域地质构造、岩石裂隙发育情况,排除不明气体由其他地区运移而来的可能;在此基础上,进行岩石室内试验,通过对不明气体赋存环境进行地球化学分析,分别论证气体的有机成因及无机成因,得出该不明气体是原地产生的,经历了有机成因和无机成因2个阶段且储量有限,对工程后期影响不大,为隧道后期顺利施工提供了指导。     

Long-term changes of inorganic nutrients in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy)

The paper aims at investigating the trends of the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorous in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy, in the last 35 years. The trend analysis of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and reactive phosphorus (RP) yielded rather different results. The decrease in ammonia nitrogen concentration, in particular, in the basin influenced by severe industrial discharges, is accurately described by a negative exponential model. The nitrate concentration did not show significant interannual trends, while wide seasonal variations have been detected. Reactive phosphorus concentration increased until the end of the 1970s at the stations close to the industrial area as well as in those influenced by river discharges and by sewages of the city of Venice. The sudden decrease that followed was most likely related with environmental policies, namely the improvement of wastewater purification treatments and the regulation of phosphorus use in detergents.     

无机陶瓷涂料在地铁车辆上的应用

阐述了轨道交通车辆防火的概念,给出了欧洲一些国家关于轨道交通车辆的防火标准。无机陶瓷涂料具有良好的防火性能、耐腐蚀性和超高的硬度等特性。与有机涂料相比,它是一种具有环保性的新型装饰材料。介绍了无机陶瓷涂料在地铁车辆上的应用情况,并总结了该技术在应用中的特点。     

新型聚硅酸氯化铝铁絮凝剂制备与性能

以水玻璃、氯化铝、氯化铁为原料制备新型无机絮凝剂——聚硅酸氯化铝铁,考察聚硅酸熟化时间、熟化温度、熟化pH、Al／Fe摩尔比等参数的影响．确定了最佳制备条件．同时,以生活污水为处理对象考察了pH、投药量对絮凝性能的影响．研究结果表明：当硅酸钠浓度为0．97mol／L,Si／（Al＋Fe）为2：（2＋1）、Al／Fe为2：1～4：1时,熟化温度30～40℃、pH为5～6、熟化时间20～30min的条件下,制备的聚硅酸氯化铝铁对于pH为6～11的生活污水的混凝处理效果最佳．采用相同投加量时,絮凝效果明显优于传统絮凝剂。     

基于半刚性基层的沥青路面反射裂缝分析与防治

通过对半刚性基层沥青路面材料性能，反射裂缝形成机理分析，介绍了该路面结构的3种开裂模式，指出防治反射裂缝应从选择合的材料和设计合理的结构组合着手，采取有效的技术措施。     

无机结合料稳定材料层施工方法分析

论述公路路面无机结合料基层的分类,从路拌法施工、中心站集中厂拌法施工和养生及交通管制等方面分析无机结合粒料的施工方法,并阐明严格控制粒料原材料的质量,控制基层材料的级配组成,按照要求和程序进行碾压是控制无机结合粒料基层施工质量的关键。     

无机固态电解质的合成及其界面改性研究进展

固态电解质是全固态锂离子电池的核心,包括无机固态电解质、聚合物电解质、复合固体电解质,其中无机固态电解质的离子电导率最高,应用前景广阔.但是,无机固态电解质界面兼容性差等问题,限制了其广泛应用.无机固态电解质与电极之间的接触是直接的物理接触,界面电阻较高.差的界面浸润性影响电池的电化学性能,不利影响在高倍率情况下尤为突...