基于改进LSTM-NN的安全性自动驾驶换道轨迹规划模型

为改善现有的自动驾驶换道轨迹规划模型产生的换道轨迹与真实的换道轨迹存在较大偏差的问题,提出了一种改进LSTM-NN的安全敏感性深度学习模型,该模型可以缓解当前自动驾驶轨迹规划存在的不足,输出轨迹既保证了较高的精度又提高了安全性。CarSim仿真软件模拟了本模型产生轨迹的可跟踪性,结果显示轨迹非常平滑,并且自动驾驶车辆可以高效、安全地完成换道。     

基于重要性重采样粒子滤波器的机动目标跟踪方法

采用重要性重采样技术改进了标准粒子滤波算法,通过设定有效采样尺度来减少权值较小的粒子数目,在一定程度上克服了退化现象。仿真结果表明,采用PF跟踪机动目标,其跟踪精度要高于IMM,说明PF具有较强的处理非线性系统的能力;对标准PF采用重要性重采样策略后,PF的跟踪精度和平稳性都得到了进一步改善。     

Augmented Reality Vehicle system: Left-turn maneuver study

Augmented Reality “AR” is a promising paradigm that can offer users with real-time, high-quality visualization of a wide variety of information. In AR, virtual objects are added to the real-world view in real time. The AR technology can offer a very realistic environment for enhancing drivers’ performance on the road and testing drivers’ ability to react to different road design and traffic operations scenarios. This can be achieved by adding virtual objects (people, vehicles, hazards, and other objects) to the normal view while driving an actual vehicle in a real environment. This paper explores a new Augmented Reality Vehicle “ARV” system and attempts to apply this new concept to a selected traffic engineering application namely the left-turn maneuver at two-way stop-controlled “TWSC” intersection. This TWSC intersection experiment, in addition to testing the feasibility of the application, tries to quantify the size of gaps accepted by different driver’s characteristics (age and gender). The ARV system can be installed in any vehicle where the driver can see the surrounding environment through a Head Mounted Display “HMD” and virtual objects are generated through a computer and added to the scene. These different environments are generated using a well defined set of scenarios. The results from this study supported the feasibility and validity of the proposed ARV system and they showed promise for this system to be used in the field-testing for the safety and operation aspects of transportation research. Results of the left-turn maneuver study revealed that participants accepted gaps in the range of 4.0-9.0 s. This finding implies that all gaps below 4 s are rejected and all gaps above 9 s are likely to be accepted. The mean value of the left-turn time was 4.67 s which is a little bit higher than reported values in the literature (4.0-4.3 s). Older drivers were found to select larger gaps to make left turns than younger drivers. The conservative driving attitude of older drivers indicates the potential presence of reduced driving ability of elderly. Drivers’ characteristics (age and gender) did not significantly affect the left-turn time. Based on the survey questions that were handed to participants, most participants indicated good level of comfort with none or small level of risk while driving the vehicle with the ARV system. None of the participants felt any kind of motion sickness and the participants’ answers indicated a good visibility and realism of the scene with overall good system fidelity.     

长江口D12灯浮附近潮流的反射迴流和突变效应

重载进出口船航行至长江口深水航道东端D12灯浮附近时,常感到有明显的横向流压。尤其是大潮汛、大风浪或鸡骨礁初涨水时,进出口船要预配10。甚至以上的风流压差,而且要加车航行,否则极易偏离航道压碰D12灯浮。此文分析长江口D12灯浮附近形成潮流的反射迴流和突变效应的原因及规律,并指出船舶在此水域航行时的注意事项,以引起航经船舶的注意。     

机动对SINS对准中惯性仪表误差估计的影响

为了尽可能估计出捷联惯导系统中惯性仪表的误差,建立捷联惯导系统误差方程和量测方程,运用传递对准技术,构建了速度匹配方式下的Kalman滤波器模型,研究了线加速和拐弯机动下对惯性仪表误差估计的影响,并对计算机仿真结果进行比较分析,仿真结果表明:线加速情况下可以提高陀螺漂移误差的估计精度,拐弯情况下可以提高加速度计偏置误差的估计精度。     

Estimation of left-turning vehicle maneuvers for the assessment of pedestrian safety at intersections

Improving pedestrian safety at intersections remains a critical issue. Although several types of safety countermeasures, such as reforming intersection layouts, have been implemented, methods have not yet been established to quantitatively evaluate the effects of these countermeasures before installation. One of the main issues in pedestrian safety is conflicts with turning vehicles. This study aims to develop an integrated model to represent the variations in the maneuvers of left-turners (left-hand traffic) at signalized intersections that dynamically considers the vehicle reaction to intersection geometry and crossing pedestrians. The proposed method consists of four empirically developed stochastic sub-models, including a path model, free-flow speed profile model, lag/gap acceptance model, and stopping/clearing speed profile model. Since safety assessment is the main objective driving the development of the proposed model, this study uses post-encroachment time (PET) and vehicle speed at the crosswalk as validation parameters. Preliminary validation results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation show that the proposed integrated model can realistically represent the variations in vehicle maneuvers as well as the distribution of PET and vehicle speeds at the crosswalk.     

机动指挥系统野外环境供电设计探讨

机动指挥系统便于灵活机动地展开撤收,适合野外环境工作。系统供电是野外工作的重要保障,随着机动指挥系统越来越多的使用,对供电形式要求也不尽相同,将对机动系统野外供电方式进行探讨。     

船舶航行横向补给超越运动控制

为了保证舰船安全,进行航行横向补给运动控制时,需要充分考虑两船水动力干扰的影响。引入水动力干扰负载到船舶运动方程中,建立了两船航行横向补给运动数学模型,给出了运动控制算法。仿真结果表明,两船能够较好地保持期望的横向距离,从而保证了航行横向补给舰船的安全。     

潜艇机动规避主动定向声纳浮标方法研究

为了使潜艇成功规避主动定向声纳浮标阵,免遭反潜武器攻击,根据主动定向声纳浮标对潜跟踪的定位方法,构建了潜艇机动规避主动声纳浮标阵的数学模型并进行仿真计算,最后通过仿真结果具体分析了潜艇机动规避主动定向声纳浮标阵的一般行动原则。     

新型模糊PID控制在UUV操纵上的研究

水下航行器的操纵控制是较难控制的系统,其非线性强,惯性大,模型不确定.传统PID控制已经不能适应这种复杂对象的控制.模糊控制引入了人的思维及专家的经验,能够很好的弥补PID控制的不足.本文研究的Fuzzy PI＋ Fuzzy ID型控制器结合了PID控制与模糊控制的优点,它根据误差的变化实时调整PID的参数,以达到良好的控制效果.仿真试验表明,Fuzzy PI ＋Fuzzy ID型控制器反应速度快,超调量小,过渡时间短,鲁棒性好,可以适用于水下航行器的操纵控制.