铁路货车发展方向研究

总结我国铁路货车发展现状,分析铁路主要技术政策对货车发展的影响,预测"十三五"期间需求发展趋势,结合未来机车车辆技术的创新与发展以及制约货车装备发展的主要参数,提出我国货车未来发展方向是推进重载运输,逐步实施第四次升级换代,增加货运效益;发展集装化快捷运输和多式联运,促进铁路运输和其他物流渠道融合发展;发展专业化运输,扩大高附加值货物运输。     

Foldable container in empty container repositioning in intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road Initiative: strengths and limitations

In 2013, the concept of the ‘Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (Belt and Road)’ was initiated by the Chinese government, which involves Asian, European and African continents and their adjacent seas. Logistics plays a core role in such a large framework of economy and trade. In recent years, China, European Union, and Southeast Asia pay much attention to the design and development of the intermodal transportation network towards both economic and environmental efficiency. In this paper, we propose an empty container repositioning model in the intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative by considering both standard and foldable containers. In this model, empty containers are repositioned from the inland of the original area, such as China, to other areas of B&R Initiative related countries and regions, such as European Union and Southeast Asia. We develop a mixed integer linear programming model to determine the optimal repositioning of empty containers via the intermodal transportation network. An Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is developed to solve large size problems in practice and numerical experiments are conducted to show the efficiency of our proposed algorithm. We provide managerial insights regarding the impact on the network performance of foldable containers transportation.     

Intermodal transport in freight distribution: a literature review

There has been significant growth in research on intermodal transport in freight distribution since the 1990s. Differentiating itself from previously published literature reviews, this paper evaluates the current state of this research using Systematic Literature Review methodology. The complementary aims are: (a) to identify the research lines developed and to propose a criterion for classifying the literature, and (b) to discuss the empirical evidence that identifies existing interrelationships. The analysis has enabled three main lines of research to be identified. The first research line, basic principles of intermodal transport, groups together works related to the definition of intermodal transport and the results obtained using this transportation system. The second, improvements to the way that intermodal transport systems work, frames elements and variables that impact intermodal transport systems’ logistics efficiency, such as quality of service, information and communication systems, and freight planning and linkages among system operators to provide an adequate service. Finally, the third line, intermodal transport system modelling, identifies the main variables used to optimise these transport systems, the different focuses and approaches used in modelling, and the advantages and disadvantages of each focus. These research lines take in more specific sublines that incorporate articles that develop related research questions. Lastly, the discussion of the content of each of these research sublines enables us to identify gaps in the literature and comment on directions for future research.     

组团式大城市客运综合换乘枢纽布局规划方法

为了使客运综合换乘枢纽布局适应中国大城市用地布局特征,分析了枢纽布局与城市土地利用、客运需求走廊分布和交通网络的关系,提出了宏观布局、微观选址的枢纽布局规划方法。宏观布局以公交导线土地开发为理念,确定枢纽的选址区域;微观选址以提高居民出行效率为目标,以用地性质、平均容积率及与客运需求走廊的距离为约束,建立非线性选址规划模型,确定枢纽的最佳位置。应用结果表明:应用该方法确定的枢纽选址区域与多中心组团式城市用地布局规划相一致,枢纽选址确定的最佳位置,其500m半径范围内覆盖的人口和就业岗位最高,而且能有效地反映枢纽布局与城市土地利用的互动性。     

An assessment of the performance of the European long intermodal freight trains (LIFTS)

Intermodal rail/road freight transport has always been considered as a competitive alternative to its road freight counterpart in the European medium- to long-distance corridors (markets). Such consideration has been based on the increasing competitiveness of some innovative rail services and the existing and prospective performance of both modes in terms of the full social – internal or operational and external – costs. The most recent innovation of rail technologies and related services launched by some European railway companies, still at the conceptual level, is the Long Intermodal Freight Train (LIFT). This is supposed to be a block train operating in long-distance corridors (markets) with a substantial and regular freight demand.This paper develops analytical models for assessing the performance of the LIFTs, the already-operating Conventional Intermodal Freight Trains (CIFTs), and their road counterpart as well. The performance consists of the full – internal (private) and external – costs of the door-to-door delivery of loading units – containers, swap-bodies, and semi-trailers. The internal costs embrace the operational costs of the transport (rail and road) and intermodal terminal operators. The external costs include the costs of the impacts of door-to-door delivery of loading units on society and the environment. These negative externalities include noise, air pollution, traffic accidents, and congestion.The models are applied to a simplified version of intermodal and road transport system using inputs from the European freight transport sector. The aims are to compare the full costs of particular modalities in order to investigate the potential of the LIFTs as compared with the CIFTs in improving the internal efficiency of the rail freight sector and its competitiveness with respect to its road counterpart. In addition, the paper attempts to assess some effects on the potential modal shift of EU (European Union) transport policies on internalizing transport externalities.     

Policy innovations of the US intermodal surface transportation efficiency act and clean air act amendments

In combination, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) are innovative and aggressive efforts to move US cities toward integrated transportation and air quality planning. Under these complementary laws, air quality has become a major national transportation goal. In areas with serious air pollution, air quality will be a major consideration in determining the future shape of urban transportation.This paper considers how the CAAA and ISTEA combine to provide an innovative national policy approach of interest to countries seeking to encourage sustainable development in urban centers. The CAAA mandates measurable and enforceable air quality targets. Nation-wide standards are set for acceptable levels of carbon monoxide, ground level ozone, and small particulates. ISTEA includes directions for transportation planners and decision-makers to follow to reach air quality and other goals — transportation planning must emphasize system efficiency, and for cities with severe air pollution, transportation projects are expected to contribute to cleaner air. Each urban area has flexibility in how it applies this framework to reflect its priorities and solve its problems. Strict federal sanctions provide incentives for compliance with both laws.Enactment of these laws has produced a period of transition and uncertainty as well as of challenge and opportunity for planners and elected officials. The next several years, the US will provide one national laboratory and over 100 different urban laboratories for innovative approaches to integrate transportation and environmental policies to resolve major urban problems.Abbreviations CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 - CO Carbon monoxide - ECO Employee Commute Option - EPA US Environmental Protection Agency - HC Transportation hydrocarbons - I/M Inspections and maintenance program - ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 - MPO Metropolitan planning organizations - NO_x Nitrogen oxides - PPM Parts per million - PM₁₀ Small particulate matter - SIP State Implementation Plan - TIP Transportation Improvement Program - TCM Transportation control measures - VMT Vehicle miles traveled     

内河水运在煤炭运输中的作用

丰富的煤炭资源决定了在我国能源消费结构中煤炭将长期占据主导地位;煤炭资源与经济发达程度的逆向分布决定了“西煤东运、北煤南运”运输格局;沿江河产业带的形成、发展、壮大以及环境、能源问题日益严重决定了内河水运必将发挥越来越重要的作用.在对我国煤炭资源禀赋、产消运格局分析的基础上,提出蒙东、贵州煤炭不宜跨区域调运,能源金三角煤炭重点保“铁海联运”,新疆煤炭主要供应华中地区煤炭调运格局,以及以长江干线为骨架、支流为网络,构建“北装南卸”的煤炭运输格局.     

�ձ���ʽ���˽�ͨ��ϵ��CyberRail�ķ�չ��״

CyberRail是一个功能增强的铁路系统，是使用先进的信息和通讯技术，实现安全、高效、一体化多式联运交通系统。日本铁道技术综研所（RTRI）于2000年初开始筹划新一代的铁路智能运输系统的研究，提出了面向IT的铁路领域的ITS——CyberRail。其研究目的在于定义CyberRail的系统架构，推广不同铁路相关信息服务的通用性，界定CyberRail应具有的功能，建立起一个通用的标准或体系框架，保证铁路信息在多式联运体系中具有高度灵活性与开放性。CyberRail是日本铁路系统未来发展的一个参考模式。本文介绍了CyberRail的基本概念、用户服务、系统架构、发展现状等。     

基于手机信令数据的旅客联程出行时空特征分析方法

为高效准确地识别旅客联程出行方式,基于旅客联程出行行为特征,引入不同运输方式场站地理位置、场站数据取样最佳半径、旅客行驶速度等关键参数,对旅客手机信令数据进行筛选、校核和计算,提出了基于手机信令数据的旅客联程出行方式识别方法,同时测算了不同运输方式场站数据取样最佳半径。以2018年国庆假期广东省内旅客出行为例进行分析,剔除了约98%的无关信令数据。分析结果显示,广东省内公铁联运出行比例最高,广州、深圳两大枢纽城市的客流集疏运效应突出,广佛城际出行联系较为密切,佛山机场的潜力较大。研究表明,识别方法大幅降低了信令数据分析量和运算成本,方法原理和技术路线清晰,分析结果准确、符合实际。     

铁路与港口集装箱联运组织模式与方法研究

铁水联运作为一种集约、高效的运输组织模式,能够充分发挥铁路与水运的优 势,实现提高物流运输效率、降低运营能耗等目的.然而,我国铁水联运水平低下,不利于 物流行业的快速发展.为提高我国铁路与港口集装箱联运水平,本文在分析国内集装箱铁 水联运发展现状的基础上,从铁路货运组织效率和铁水衔接协调两个角度出发,剖析了 我国集装箱铁水联运尤其是海铁联运发展中存在的一些问题,并从铁路集装箱运输网络 建设、铁路集装箱班列运输组织优化及铁水联运系统建设等3 个方面,提出了我国铁水联 运的发展建议.