Effects of erigeron breviscapus （Vant.） Hand-Mazz pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level following spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effects of erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz (erigeron breviscapus) pretreatment on pathology and oxyradical level in the spinal cord after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbits. Methods A total of 40 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation group with 10 rabbits treated with only abdominal aorta exposure without occlusion, control group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with matched saline, and experimental group with 15 rabbits that underwent ischemia for 50 minutes and treated with erigeron breviscapus (9mg/kg) injection before ischemia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the spinal cord were examined at 6 and 24 hours after I/R, respectively. The morphological changes and the number of the spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons were observed and counted under the light microscope and electron microscope, respectively. Results The level of MDA was markedly decreased and SOD activity was increased in the experimental group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). Compared with that in the control group, the number of motor neurons in the experimental group significantly increased at 24h after I/R (P<0.01) and the morphous of the motor neurons improved. Conclusion Erigeron breviscapus can reduce oxyradical production and the apoptosis of nerve cells, and protect nerve tissue structure and function after spinal cord I/R.     

Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

Effect of ulinastatin on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Totally 24 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated control group (SO group), ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group) and ulinastatin group (UTI group). Liver in I/R group underwent 1 h of reperfasion after 30 min of ischemia. In UTI group, UTI (2×104 U/kg) was administered to rats 30 min before modeling. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum were measured and the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were determined. The histological changes of liver were observed. Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and TNF-α in serum were significantly increased in I/R group compared with those in UTI group (P<0.05). The levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were significantly higher in I/R group than in UTI group (P<0.05).Histological examination of liver indicated that the damages were more severe in I/R group than in UTI group.Conclusion UTI has the ability to inhibit the production of TNF-α and oxyradical, and ameliorate microcirculatory dysfunction in rats with hepatic ischemia-reperfasion injury.     

川芎嗪对成体大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马齿状回细胞增殖的影响

目的研究川芎嗪(tetramethylpyrazine,TMP)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马齿状回(dentate gyrus,DG)细胞增殖的影响。方法成年雄性SD大鼠行2 h大脑中动脉阻塞手术,术后2 h开始腹腔注射TMP[40 mg/(kg.d)]。手术后腹腔注射5-溴脱氧尿核苷(5-bromodeoxyuridine,BrdU),末次注射24 h后处死动物,免疫组化染色观察TMP对脑缺血再灌注损伤后DG细胞增殖的作用。结果正常组和假手术组在DG有少量BrdU阳性细胞,对照组缺血后1 d阳性细胞开始增加,14 d达到高峰(P<0.05),TMP治疗组缺血后1 d损伤侧BrdU阳性细胞数开始增加,7 d达高峰(P<0.05)。结论TMP能促进缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马齿状回内源性神经干细胞增殖。     

利多卡因对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠海马组织细胞间黏附分子-1及核转录因子-κB表达的影响

目的观察利多卡因对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后海马组织细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)及核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)蛋白和mRNA表达的影响,探讨利多卡因脑保护作用的机制。方法雄性SD大鼠32只,随机分为假手术组(A组)、缺血再灌注组(B组)、利多卡因小剂量组(C组)和利多卡因大剂量组(D组),缺血前10 min腹腔注射。脑缺血10 min再灌注24 h时,断头处死大鼠。用RT-PCR技术检测海马组织ICAM-1及NF-κB mRNA的表达,用免疫组织化学、蛋白印记(Western blot)方法检测ICAM-1及NF-κB蛋白表达情况。结果脑缺血再灌注后海马组织ICAM-1和NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达水平增高,利多卡因可下调ICAM-1及NF-κB表达;缺血再灌注后,海马区神经元出现明显坏死,利多卡因可减轻海马区神经元损伤。结论利多卡因可能通过抑制ICAM-1与NF-κB基因表达而对脑缺血再灌注损伤起到一定的保护作用。     

肠功能恢复汤对肠缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠肠黏膜屏障的影响

目的观察肠功能恢复汤对肠缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠肠黏膜屏障的影响,探索多器官功能障碍综合征的新的防治途径。方法SD大鼠45只,随机分为3组:正常对照组、肠缺血-再灌注损伤模型组、肠功能恢复汤治疗组,分别检测各组血清中二胺氧化酶(DAO)和D-乳酸含量,收集小肠灌洗液并测定灌洗液中的溶菌酶含量,同时取肠系膜静脉血、肠系膜淋巴结、肝及脾组织进行细菌培养,观察细菌移位情况,取回肠组织制成石蜡切片,HE染色光镜下观察,测量小肠黏膜厚度、绒毛高度和隐窝深度,取回肠组织制成电镜标本,透射电镜观察。结果肠功能恢复汤组与模型组相比,血清中DAO和D-乳酸含量均显著降低(P<0.01),小肠灌洗液中溶菌酶含量显著升高(P<0.01),细菌移位率显著降低(P<0.01)。肠功能恢复汤组小肠黏膜的病理形态明显好于模型组。结论肠功能恢复汤对肠缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠的肠黏膜屏障具有保护作用。     

黄芪预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的 探讨黄芪对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用及其机制.方法 采用结扎左冠状动脉的方法制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤动物模型.SD大鼠30只随机分为3组:对照组、缺血再灌注组(I/R)和黄芪预处理组(H+I/R).光镜和透射电镜下观察心肌病理变化,检测血清肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及心肌组织Na~+K~+-ATP酶(Na~+K~+-ATPase)、Ca~(2+)-ATP酶(Ca~(2+)-ATPase)活性.结果 ①黄芪预处理组光镜和透射电镜下心肌细胞变性坏死程度及心肌细胞超微结构形态改变较缺血再灌注组显著减轻;②黄芪预处理组大鼠血清中CK、LDH活性和MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),SOD、Na+ K+-ATPase、Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性显著提高(P<0.05).结论 黄芪对大鼠冠状动脉结扎后再灌注心肌损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与改善心肌缺血再灌注冠状微循环与抗氧自由基生成、减轻钙超载等多种机制有关.     

Effects of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin on HIF-1α expression in the retina in a rabbit model of acute high intraocular pressure

Objective To observe the expression of hypoxia inducible faetor-1α (HIF-1α) in the retina of rabbits with acute high intraocular pressure and to investigate the mechanism of systemic domestic recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) protecting the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods First, control group and model group were established in rabbit eyes. The acute high intraocular pressure model was established by saline perfusion into anterior chamber, and then hypodermic injection of domestic rhEPO was made. HIF-1α protein in the retina was observed by immunohistochemical staining method on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after retinal ischemla-reperfusion, respectively. Results No cells with HIF-la positive expression were observed in the retina of the control group. Ceils with HIF-1α positive expression in the model group outnumbered those in the control group (P < 0. 01). The resemblance pattern occurred in EPO group but its degree was slightly greater than that in the model group from day 3 after ischemia-reperfusion (P<0.05). Conclusion Domestic rhEPO can down-regulate the expression of HIF-1α in the retina with acute high intraocular pressure, which may be one of the mechanisms that rhEPO protects the retina from ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

大黄素对模拟冷缺血再灌注后肝细胞内钙离子浓度及细胞凋亡的影响

目的 研究中药大黄素对模拟冷缺血再灌注后肝细胞内钙离子浓度及细胞凋亡的影响.方法 体外培养肝细胞株HL-7702,随机分为对照组和大黄素处理组.对照组未予大黄素处理,大黄素处理组按100、10、1 μmol/L分为高、中、低3个浓度组,建立模拟冷缺血再灌注模型,流式细胞技术检测各组细胞内钙离子浓度及细胞凋亡水平,分别检测各组细胞培养上清液乳酸脱氢酶水平.结果 冷缺血8 h再灌注6 h后,高、中、低浓度大黄素处理组钙离子荧光强度分别为(24.12±0.51)、(26.35±1.34)、(39.12±1.94),均显著低于对照组的105.29±1.01(P<0.01).高、中、低浓度大黄素处理组细胞凋亡率分别为(5.46±0.41)%、(10.64±0.64)%、(11.90±0.50)%,均显著低于对照组的(25.40±1.41)%(P<0.01).高、中浓度大黄素处理组上清液LDH含量分别为(179.67±18.57)u/L、(198.83±14.22)u/L,显著低于对照组的(351.33±34.16)u/L(P<0.01).结论 大黄素可降低模拟冷缺血再灌注后的肝细胞内钙离子浓度,抑制细胞凋亡,减轻肝细胞损伤.     

硫化氢对大鼠肠缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的研究硫化氢(H2S)对肠缺血再灌注损伤(I/R)的保护作用,为临床治疗I/R提供新的可能途径。方法以硫化氢钠(NaHS)为H2S的供体,将40只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、I/R模型组、川芎嗪对照组、NaHS(7μmol/kg和14μmol/kg)组,每组8只。检测各组血清和小肠组织的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的含量,观察小肠黏膜病理组织学变化。结果H2S能显著降低I/R大鼠血清和小肠组织MDA水平,提高SOD、GSH-Px水平;小肠黏膜和腺体的损伤较I/R模型组明显减轻。结论H2S对I/R引起的肠黏膜损伤有保护作用。