桩基建模方法对自升式钻井平台动力响应的影响

随着海洋油气开采作业水深的不断增加,海洋平台固有频率随之降低,易与相同频率成分的波浪产生共振,因此对平台动力响应特性研究是非常有必要的,而桩基模型在平台动力响应分析中发挥着关键作用。以某400英尺自升式钻井平台研究对象,基于等效建模的思想,分别建立了固支桩基、铰接桩基、线性弹簧桩基及非线性弹簧桩基四种有限元模型,并对其进行静力分析、模态分析及瞬态动力学分析,通过对比得到的振动频率、动力放大因子及波流惯性力,得出弹簧桩基模型在平台动力响应分析中的有效性及合理性结论。     

Tyre/road noise damping characteristics using nomographs and fundamental vibroacoustical relationships

Several studies have successfully developed laboratory and field measurement techniques to estimate tyre/road noise damping characteristics. However, laboratory–field noise correlations of pavement types in the form of nomographs is essential to cognize the pavements’ acoustical properties from a practical perspective. A toolkit that readily provides field tyre/road noise intensity of different pavement materials is needed. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop nomographs with relationships for tyre/road noise versus pavement materials’ viscoelastic–vibroacoustical properties. Isothermal and isochronal nomographs of phase angle–tyre/road noise as toolkits were developed based upon well-established phase angle and noise intensities typical of mixtures, making the nomograph correlations very authentic, realistic, and novel along with benefit to predict tyre/road noise at any desired temperature and traffic speed (or frequency) combination. This study is envisaged to benefit in the discernment of road materials’ damping capabilities from vibroacoustical and field noise–viscoelastic relation aspects.     

水运工程结构水平向地震作用分析——论水运工程地震动参数的正确取用

结合现行《中国地震动参数区划图》、水运工程及相关行业抗震设计规范,讨论地震动参数区划图变化对行业抗震设计规范的影响,阐述水平向地震系数和动力放大系数在水运工程抗震设计中的意义。根据新版地震动参数区划图提出了相应的取值建议,指出了水运工程抗震设计规范修订的紧迫性,为正确理解水运工程结构抗震设计规范和合理选取地震动参数提供参考。对促进上下层级抗震设计标准之间的系统化工作有积极意义。     

船舶侧向撞击桥梁基础的动力放大系数探讨

船舶撞击桥墩是一个复杂过程,确定桥墩基础承受撞击力的能力也需经过复杂计算,工作量非常大。通过对多座典型桥梁基础在冲击作用下的动力响应与静力响应之间的比较,得到桥墩基础动力放大系数的一般规律。在较短时间进行动力计算的情况下,桥梁设计人员应用该规律可较准确地估计桥墩承受船舶撞击的能力。     

基于ABAQUS的斜桩-重力式结构靠泊撞击力

通过有限元软件ABAQUS对船舶靠泊撞击作用下的斜桩-重力式结构进行动、静力响应研究,对比结构响应的异同,得到了靠泊撞击力作用下结构的位移放大效应,并探讨不同有效撞击能量下的放大效应变化规律。研究表明,相同有效撞击能量作用下的复合结构撞击力动力放大系数也相同;在进行斜桩-重力式结构设计时,当船舶有效撞击能量大于1 350.4 k J时,靠泊撞击力分项系数按规范取1.5偏小;当设计船型为30万吨级油船时,推荐靠泊撞击力分项系数取2.12。     

Stress magnification effect of initial deformation on the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints

Compared with thick plate welded joint, the welding joint of thin plate will produce initial deformation due to its low bending rigidity. The existence of initial deformation will cause the welded structure to produce secondary bending effect, which will produce greater stress magnification effect at the weld toe and seriously affect the fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints. Therefore, based on the correction formula of thick plate, considering the influence of initial deformation and geometric nonlinearity of thin plate, this paper deduces the stress magnification factor formula at the weld toe of T-shaped and cruciform specimens. The accuracy of the revised formula is further verified by comparing the notch stress calculated by the modified formula with the FE results. Finally, the modified formula is applied to the notch stress and fatigue evaluation of typical thin plate welded joints respectively. The results show that the proposed notch stress calculation formula can fully consider the stress amplification effect of thin plate structure, and can be used to quickly evaluate the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints.     

HCSR规范疲劳筛选方法研究

分别对1型散货船和1型油船的有限元模型进行t×t和50 mm×50 mm的网格细化分析,总结出散货船油船协调共同规范(HCSR规范)中疲劳筛选方法的应力放大因子,并验证该方法应力放大因子的合理性。     

钢筋混凝土偏压构件偏心矩增大系数计算方法探讨

由于我国不同时期不同规范对钢筋混凝土偏压构件偏心距增大系数采用的计算公式不同．导致相关设计人员对不同的偏心矩增大系数计算公式在理解上产生了一定的困难。为了明确钢筋混凝土偏压构件偏心矩增大系数概念,理解不同计算公式的含义和本质,探讨了用临界力和极限曲率来表示偏压构件偏心矩增大系数计算公式的原理,结果表明两者的本质是一致的。     

引水压力钢管表面凹坑缺陷应力扩大系数及其估算方法

表面凹坑缺陷是水电站引水压力钢管中的一类常见缺陷。本文用三维有限元方法计算了引水压力钢管表面凹坑缺陷的应力扩大系数，研究了应力扩大系数随管壁厚度、凹坑深度及凹坑直径的变化规律和凹坑与凹坑间的交互作用；提出了凹坑应力扩大系数的估算方法，为压力钢管的使用、验收提供了数值依据。