Biodynamic responses of seated pregnant subjects exposed to vertical vibrations in driving conditions

A pregnant woman's body is a very sophisticated dynamic system that is sensitive to whole-body vibrations in a sitting posture. While much effort has been devoted to vibration effects on non-pregnant seated persons, little research has been devoted to the biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women exposed to vertical vibrations, especially in driving conditions. In this study a thorough survey of lumped-parameter models for non-pregnant seated persons is implemented. According to the literature the mathematical models adequate for representing the increase in mass due to pregnancy are proposed and evaluated systematically. On the basis of an analytical study and experimental validation, the six-degree-of-freedom model modified from the non-linear model proposed by Muksian and Nash is recommended. In addition, the recommended pregnant model is further integrated with two-dimensional half-car and three-dimensional full-car models to assess the responses of pregnant drivers or passengers exposed to vertical vibrations due to road unevenness. It is believed that the study presented in this report provides a profound understanding of biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women and that it may offer vehicle engineers a good reference in the design of vehicle suspension systems.     

绝经对女性冠心病患者临床特征及危险因素的影响

目的探讨绝经对女性冠心病患者临床特征及危险因素的影响。方法选择2009年2月至2011年1月在我院经冠脉造影确诊的未绝经冠心病患者(29例);年龄相匹配的男性患者(31例);绝经后女性冠心病患者(67例),其中绝经时间≤5年者30例,绝经时间>5年者37例;健康绝经者(60例),其中绝经时间≤5年者30例,绝经时间>5年者30例进行对比分析。结果与男性比较,未绝经组糖代谢异常及有冠心病家族史明显高于男性组(P<0.05),且多数具有典型的心绞痛。绝经各组与未绝经组比较随着绝经时间的延长合并高血压者显著升高(P<0.01)。而合并糖代谢异常及有冠心病家族史者下降,同时表现为典型心绞痛者也明显下降(P<0.05)。冠状动脉病变女性以单支病变为主(P<0.05)。绝经后冠心病者较绝经≤5年健康组,雌二醇及孕酮水平均下降明显(P<0.05),随着绝经时间的延长雌二醇下降尤为明显,而绝经后的冠心病组间无差异。结论心血管危险因素、临床特征两性存在差异,绝经对女性冠心病患者心血管危险因素及冠状动脉病变有影响,雌孕激素水平下降可能是其原因之一。     

Biodynamic responses of seated pregnant subjects exposed to vertical vibrations in driving conditions

A pregnant woman's body is a very sophisticated dynamic system that is sensitive to whole-body vibrations in a sitting posture. While much effort has been devoted to vibration effects on non-pregnant seated persons, little research has been devoted to the biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women exposed to vertical vibrations, especially in driving conditions. In this study a thorough survey of lumped-parameter models for non-pregnant seated persons is implemented. According to the literature the mathematical models adequate for representing the increase in mass due to pregnancy are proposed and evaluated systematically. On the basis of an analytical study and experimental validation, the six-degree-of-freedom model modified from the non-linear model proposed by Muksian and Nash is recommended. In addition, the recommended pregnant model is further integrated with two-dimensional half-car and three-dimensional full-car models to assess the responses of pregnant drivers or passengers exposed to vertical vibrations due to road unevenness. It is believed that the study presented in this report provides a profound understanding of biodynamic responses of seated pregnant women and that it may offer vehicle engineers a good reference in the design of vehicle suspension systems.     

雌激素受体基因多态性与陕西关中地区绝经后妇女骨密度的相关性

目的探讨雌激素受体(ER)基因多态性在陕西关中地区汉族绝经后妇女中的分布及其与骨密度的相关性。方法通过对1 200例陕西关中地区汉族绝经1-4年、年龄48-56(平均53)岁的妇女测定其不同部位的骨密度(BMD)值,并对每个样本测其血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)及尿Ⅰ型胶原交联N末端肽(NTX)水平,同时检测雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ、XbaⅠ位点的多态性,方差法分析ER基因多态性与骨密度的相关性。结果雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ酶切多态性位点的三种基因型间在股骨颈和Ward三角的BMD存在着显著性差异(P<0.001)。雌激素受体基因XbaⅠ酶切多态性与各检测指标无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论雌激素受体基因PvuⅡ多态性可能对陕西关中地区绝经后妇女股骨颈和Ward三角BMD有一定的影响,雌激素受体基因XbaⅠ基因型与骨密度间无明显相关性。     

莉丽·布里斯科——《到灯塔去》中的新女性

伍尔夫在《到灯塔去》中,通过对分别代表"房间里的天使"和"独立的自由女性"的拉姆齐夫人和莉丽·布里斯科两位女性形象的塑造,反映了与她同时代的女性莉丽在寻求自我和个性解放历程中的艰难与困惑:她不仅受到来自异性的压迫和歧视,而且也受到来自"房间里的天使"们的阻力.伍尔夫所追寻的理想的女性是独立的、不依附于男性而又与男性和谐相处的新女性.