基于CFD的内河船深浅水中操纵性预报

由于岸壁效应和浅水效应,内河船舶在限制水域作操纵运动时通常受到比在开阔水域中更大的水动力.这些水动力对船舶操纵性具有不利影响,有可能导致船舶碰撞或触底等海上事故.因此,为了在船舶设计阶段预报其操纵性能,考虑浅水效应和岸壁效应以准确计算内河船舶操纵运动水动力非常重要.本文基于CFD方法,通过对粘性绕流进行数值模拟,对长江中营运的三艘内河船舶的操纵运动水动力进行计算.首先,为了验证数值方法的可靠性,对标模KVLCC2纯横荡和纯首摇试验的水动力进行计算,并将计算结果与现有的试验数据进行对比.然后,对三艘内河船舶在不同水深下的静舵试验、纯横荡和纯首摇试验进行数值模拟,计算得到水动力及相应的线性水动力导数.最后,基于计算得到的水动力导数,获得Nomoto模型中的操纵性参数,对比分析三艘内河船舶在深浅水中的操纵性能.结果表明,本文方法可以揭示不同水深下三艘内河船舶的操纵性变化趋势.该方法可为船舶设计阶段内河船舶深浅水中的操纵性预报提供一种实用的工具.     

2-氯-6-N-芳基取代嘌呤衍生物的合成

N6嘌呤衍生物是重要的核苷类药物的中间体.以2-氨基-6-氯嘌呤为原料,通过重氮化反应制得2,6-二氯嘌呤,收率30.5%.2,6-二氯嘌呤分别与苯胺、邻氯苯胺和对氯苯胺,通过N-烃基化反应制得2-氯-6-N-芳基嘌呤,收率75.2%;2-氯-6-N-2′-氯苯基嘌呤,收率68.5%和2-氯-6-N-4′-氯苯基嘌呤,收率63.2%.使用元素分析、核磁共振、质谱和红外光谱对所得产品进行分析,结果表明所得产品为目标产品.2-氯-6-N-芳基取代嘌呤衍生物合成的最佳工艺条件为：n（2,6-二氯嘌呤）∶n（苯胺衍生物）=1∶5,使用戊醇为反应中的溶剂,其用量为m（C5H11OH）∶m（2,6-二氯嘌呤）=23∶1,反应温度为80℃.     

两自由度及三自由度桥梁断面颤振导数的强迫振动识别法

长期以来,桥梁断面颤振导数的识别都是大跨度桥梁颤抖振响应分析中的重点和难点问题。本文基于现有的非定常气动力和颤振导数的测试方法,首次在国内成功实现了在风洞中测试两自由度桥梁节段模型颤振导数的强迫振动法,并通过大量的试验验证了本测试装置的可靠性。在两自由度桥梁断面颤振导数的强迫振动法识别装置的基础上,作者和国防科技大学及同济大学风洞试验室联合研制开发了一套三自由度桥梁断面颤振导数的强迫振动法识别装置,进一步的研究正在进行中。     

PMM tests in a circulating water channel and nonlinear analysis

As a result of frequent marine disasters leading to the loss of human life and pollution of vast areas of the ocean, ship manoeuvrability has become a very important characteristic of ship design. Among several recent experimental techniques to determine ship manoeuvrability, the most popular is captive model testing using a planar motion mechanism (PMM). This article describes some tests, analyses, and results of PMM tests in a circulating water channel (CWC) using a model of a training ship. The hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on a model of the training ship Shioji Maru in pure yawing motion were measured, and hydrodynamic derivatives were obtained using two different methods of analysis: singular value decomposition (a least-squares fit method) and Fourier analysis. Derivatives obtained from the tests were used to simulate the turning trajectory of the actual ship, and these were compared with the results of sea trials. The results indicate that both methods of analysis yield fairly similar derivatives. The simulation results were also found to be a close match with the trial results. Received: February 7, 2002 / Accepted: May 14, 2002 Address correspondence to: K. Shoji (shoji@ipc.tosho-u.ac.jp)     

Improvement of the second order approximation of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), as a fully Lagrangian particle method, has been successfully applied to astrophysical problems and extended to elastic dynamics and computational fluid dynamics.High order derivatives have to be approximated when elastic dynamics problems are modeled. However, the approximation errors in SPH could lead to computational failure in the case that the order of derivative is high.A novel method was proposed in order to improve the accuracy of SPH method, which shows the relationship between the selected functions and their SPH approximations. The entire involved system was represented by a finite number of particles that carry individual mass and occupy individual space, and the integral interpolation was approximated by a summation interpolation. In addition, error comparison was made between SPH method with and without the present improvement.     

理想薄平板气动导数的人工神经网络识别

介绍一种用BP人工神经网络方法识别理想薄平板的气动导数的方法．通过构造BP网络，比较各种因素对识别结果的影响．数据处理方式对神经网络的训练结果影响很大．隐层单元数量、训练次数、随机赋值次数、样本数量等对训练结果也有影响，但影响较小．采用这种方法识别理想薄平板的气动导数是可行的，并且具有较高的精度．     

Pricing Model of Multiattribute Derivatives Based on Mixed Process

By Analyzing the behavior and character of derivative security, the authorsestablished a pricing model of multiattribute derivative security whose underlying asset pricingprocess is a mixed process, and obtained a new model for option pricing of multiattribute derivatives based on mixed process, and improved some original results.     

船舶操纵水动力导数的数值求解及敏感度分析

[目的]为了兼顾船舶操纵运动预报的成本与精度,基于数值计算方法,结合水动力导数敏感度分析,提出一种船舶操纵运动预报方法.[方法]首先,求解RANS方程,应用流体体积(VOF)法捕捉自由液面,采用动态网格方法对DTMB 5415船型进行约束运动的数值计算,并将回归得到的线性水动力导数与试验值进行对比,验证数值方案的有效性...     

海洋运输运价保值市场的研究和创新

国际上创设的多种运费衍生市场，理论上能够起到运费保值的作用，但因市场交易清淡，保值范围非常有限。针对国际集装箱运输市场的特点，本文提出了运费保值市场的架构：创设以做市商为中心的、零售性质的远期运费合同市场，以利于中小型外贸公司规避运价的不确定性，并建立集装箱远期运费协议市场，以便做市商、大货主和大船运公司在衍生市场进行运费保值。     

基于多属性效用函数的工程合同索赔机理分析

构造了以工程投资、工期和工程质量为多属性变量的甲乙双方的多属性效用函数。以积式函数为目标函数，通过对博弈Nash解的数学分析得出了达成协议的合同平衡点处双方效用值的关系及其影响因素。根据效用平衡点的变化分析了索赔产生的机理，并从理论上解释了现实中工程界存在的“中标靠低价，盈利靠索赔”现象。