汽车操纵稳定性的广义汽车转向稳态响应模型

针对传统汽车操纵稳定性理论的线性二自由度模型的不足,构建了一个新的广义汽车转向稳态响应模型,并说明了该模型的广泛适用性。以某不足转向轿车模型的有关参数为例,仿真计算并比较了应用两种模型时该轿车等速圆周行驶时的稳态响应状况,验证了广义模型的正确性,同时得到了一条有别于传统汽车操纵稳定性理论的重要结论。     

Promoting public bike-sharing: A lesson from the unsuccessful Pronto system

In 2014, Seattle implemented its own bike-sharing system, Pronto. However, the system ultimately ceased operation three years later on March 17th, 2017. To learn from this failure, this paper seeks to understand factors that encourage, or discourage, bike-sharing trip generation and attraction at the station level. This paper investigates the effects of land use, roadway design, elevation, bus trips, weather, and temporal factors on three-hour long bike pickups and returns at each docking station. To address temporal autocorrelations and the nonlinear seasonality, the paper implements a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) that incorporates the joint effects of a time metric and time-varying variables. The paper estimates models on total counts of pickups and returns, as well as pickups categorized by user types and by location. The results clarify that effects of hilly terrain and the rainy weather, two commonly perceived contributors to the failure. Additionally, results suggest that users in the University District, presumably mostly university students, tend to use shared bikes in neighborhoods with a higher household density and a higher percentage of residential land use, and make bike-sharing trips regardless workdays or non-workdays. The paper also contributes to the discussion on the relationship between public transportation service and bike-sharing. In general, users tend to use bike-sharing more at stations that have more scheduled bus trips nearby. However, some bike-sharing users may shift to bus services during peak hours and rainy weather. Several strategies are proposed accordingly to increase bike ridership in the future.     

The generators of paratransit trips by persons with disabilities

Identifying the generators of paratransit trips by persons with disabilities is important to comprehend the current demand patterns and forecast future demand. Only a handful of studies have been conducted so far to identify the generators of paratransit trips and most focused on the home end of the trips. Given some of the inconsistencies in past studies and the scarcity of studies on the generators of trips away from home, this study attempts to identify the generators of paratransit trips beginning and ending at clients’ homes and away from home. It uses an extremely large dataset consisting of 1.91 million trips made by NJ TRANSIT’s Access Link clients, socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey, employment data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, and establishment data from Dun and Bradstreet. The analytical methods include an ordinary least squares model (OLS) and several spatial generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to identify the characteristics of census block groups associated with Access Link trip generation at home and away from home, Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis to identify the types of establishments located in the immediate vicinity of drop-offs, and a multinomial logit model (MNL) to examine the relationship between the characteristics of the establishments in the vicinity of drop-offs and the characteristics of the dropped-off clients. Together, the various analyses provide useful insights about paratransit trip generators at the macro and micro levels. Some implications of the findings are discussed.     

玻璃碎片抛距理论模型用于推算汽车碰撞速度的研究

本文研究了玻璃碎片的运动规律，建立了广抛物运动数学模型，提出了求算模型参数的方法，然后用不同方法求出一个事故案例的汽车碰撞速度。结果比较表明，本文提出了广义抛物运动模型可以计算事故的碰撞速度，同其它方法相比，它具有可以推算碰撞地点位置，玻璃碎片不易破坏，参数容易确定的优点。     

接触网雷击跳闸率的新算法

结合接触网的受雷情况和结构特点建立接触网的雷击模型,分别给出线路遭受直接雷击和感应雷击时接触网的耐雷水平计算公式。基于广义积分法,提出计入感应雷击的计算接触网雷击跳闸率的方法。以常见的复线接触网为例,按照给出的模型和计算方法计算接触网的跳闸率,并将计算结果与实际情况比较。研究结果表明:接触网遭受感应雷击时的耐雷水平较低,因感应雷击造成的接触网雷击跳闸次数占总雷击跳闸次数的31.6%,感应雷击对接触网的跳闸影响是明显的;计入感应雷击计算的总跳闸次数更接近实际运行值。     

城市交通运输效率评价

通过对城市交通运输效率的分析评价,能直观的得出各因素对城市交通运输效率的不同影响,针对性地解决城市交通问题,提高交通运输效率,缓解交通拥堵.从城市发展及交通畅通性角度,采用定性的层次分析法与定量的广义函数法结合,以成都市交通运输效率评价为例,进行了分析评价并提出提高交通运输效率的建议.     

Travelling Wave Solutions for Generalized KdV-mKdV Equation

A technique based on reduction of order for solving ordinary differential equations is developed to find exact solutions for a generalized KdV-mKdV equation that possesses high order nonlinear terms. The analytical expressions of several types of travelling wave solutions for the equation are obtained in terms of sin, cos, tan, cot, sinh, cosh, tanh, coth and algebraic profiles. It is shown that the wave speed of travelling wave solutions and the coefficient of low order derivative term in the equation are two main factors to determine the change in the physical structures of solutions.     

广义预测控制隐式算法在ATO系统中的应用

ATO系统具有时滞性、非线性、时变性等特点,使用传统的PID控制器难以取得理想的控制效果。根据ATO系统的特点,设计了基于广义预测控制隐式算法的速度控制器,并对被控对象进行了仿真。Matlab仿真和实验结果证明,该控制策略比PID控制具有更好的控制效果。     

嵌岩桩桩端极限承载力研究

应用广义非线性统一强度理论和滑移线场方法,基于Meyerhof求解深基础极限承载力方法得出的地基破坏滑移面模式,推导出嵌岩桩桩端极限承载力公式,并对承载力随滑移面倾角及嵌岩比的变化规律进行研究,分析嵌岩比、中主应力系数、过载系数等因素对桩端极限承载力的影响。结果表明:桩端极限承载力系数随着嵌岩比的增加而呈非线性递减趋势,且递减幅度越明显。随着中主应力系数的增大,极限承载力也随之提高。承载力系数在嵌岩比n较小时,随着过载系数hm的增大而增大;当嵌岩比n较大时,则随hm的增大而减小。现行规范所定义的桩端承载系数偏于安全。