新型测力轮对标定试验台研制

在分析国内外测力轮对标定技术现状及不足的基础上,提出了新型测力轮对标定试验台的设计要求和设计目标。研制的TK-LDBD型测力轮对静态标定试验台在实现垂、横、纵三向力的独立及联合精确加载的基础上大幅提升了设备适用范围及标定效率。为高精度连续测量测力轮对的研究及运用提供了技术支撑。     

间歇式沥青拌和站冷料供给系统流量的标定方法

以实例介绍间歇式沥青拌和冷料供给系统流量的标定方法和步骤，以确保冷料供给器按目标配合比准确供料，使沥青混合料的生产配比更加接近目标配比，保证拌和成品料的质量。     

Validation of an extended discrete first-order model with variable speed limits

This paper validates the prediction model embedded in a model predictive controller (MPC) of variable speed limits (VSLs). The MPC controller was designed based on an extended discrete first-order model with a triangular fundamental diagram. In our previous work, the extended discrete first-order model was designed to reproduce the capacity drop and the propagation of jam waves, and it was validated with reasonable accuracy without the presence of VSLs. As VSLs influence traffic dynamics, the dynamics including VSLs needs to be validated, before it can be applied as a prediction model in MPC. For conceptual illustrations, we use two synthetic examples to show how the model reproduces the key mechanisms of VSLs that are applied by existing VSL control approaches. Furthermore, the model is calibrated by use of real traffic data from Dutch freeway A12, where the field test of a speed limit control algorithm (SPECIALIST) was conducted. In the calibration, the original model is extended by using a quadrangular fundamental diagram which keeps the linear feature of the model and represents traffic states at the under-critical branch more accurately. The resulting model is validated using various traffic data sets. The accuracy of the model is compared with a second-order traffic flow model. The performance of two models is comparable: both models reproduce accurate results matching with real data. Flow errors of the calibration and validation are around 10%. The extended discrete first-order model-based MPC controller has been demonstrated to resolve freeway jam waves efficiently by synthetic cases. It has a higher computation speed comparing to the second-order model-based MPC.     

A methodology for evaluating the performance of model-based traffic prediction systems

Model-based traffic prediction systems (mbTPS) are a central component of the decision support and ICM (integrated corridor management) systems currently used in several large urban traffic management centers. These models are intended to generate real-time predictions of the system’s response to candidate operational interventions. They must therefore be kept calibrated and trustworthy. The methodologies currently available for tracking the validity of a mbTPS have been adapted from approaches originally designed for off-line operational planning models. These approaches are insensitive to the complexity of the network and to the amount and quality of the data available. They also require significant human intervention and are therefore not suitable for real-time monitoring. This paper outlines a set of criteria for designing tests that are appropriate for the mbTPS task. It also proposes a test that meets the criteria. The test compares the predictions of the mbTPS in question to those of a model-less alternative. A t-test is used to determine whether the predictions of the mbTPS are superior to those of the model-less predictor. The approach is applied to two different systems using data from the I-210 freeway in Southern California.     

基于双轴位置转台的捷联惯导系统级标定技术

本文研究一种基于双轴位置转台的激光陀螺捷联惯导系统的系统级标定方法。建立了附加约束条件的陀螺和加速度计标定模型,从捷联惯导系统的误差方程出发,建立30维Kalman滤波标定模型,以速度和位置作为观测量,并设计双轴位置旋转路径,对惯性仪表标定参数进行激励与辨识。仿真实验结果表明,该方法能够准确估计出陀螺和加速度计的15个标定误差参数,具有一定的参考价值。     

新型负阶跃动态扭矩校准装置

针对扭矩传感器静态校准无法完全满足实际需要的难题,设计一种新型100 N·m负阶跃动态扭矩校准装置,并阐述该装置的工作原理和关键技术。校准装置由扭矩产生装置、连接系统、制动系统、信号处理控制系统和空气轴承系统组成,利用火工拔销器产生负阶跃动态扭矩,较大程度上降低负阶跃动态扭矩的下降时间,并采用空气轴承的支承方式提高动态扭矩的传递精度。通过对试验数据进行分析和处理,结果表明该装置负阶跃扭矩产生时间低于0.1 ms。不确定度分析结果显示,该装置的扩展不确定度U为4.22%,扩展因子k为2。     

基于粒子群算法的水下多元线阵阵形有源校正方法

针对存在阵元位置误差的水下多元线阵,提出一种基于粒子群优化算法的远场有源阵形校正方法.该方法选用2个辅助源分时工作方式,利用无条件最大似然方位估计算法构建目标函数,并通过粒子群算法对阵元位置进行寻优.利用该方法对均匀线阵进行性能仿真实验.结果表明:该方法稳健性好、校正精度高,具有一定的应用前景.     

通过三峡升船机的船舶排水量校验技术

受三峡升船机船厢结构强度的限制以及防止船舶发生触底,通过升船机的船舶排水量不能超过3 000 t,但目前行业内暂无相应的船舶排水量快速校验方法。通过分析不同类型船舶三维尺度与排水量的对应关系,以船舶方形系数为关键点,得出快速计算船舶总排水量的经验公式,并通过实例验证,从而提出校验三峡过坝船舶排水量的校验方法。结果表明,船舶排水量计算经验公式精度符合要求,提出的校验方法快速、准确。     

设计模式在对准数据采集处理系统中的应用

对准数据采集处理系统作为丰富动态条件下舰载系统对准检测手段的一次尝试,必须具备高度可复用性和灵活性．支持基于该系统软件进行的扩充和再开发。设计模式代表了成功的可复用的优秀设计经验,在系统设计中引人设计模式将有效的提高系统的可扩展性和可维护性。文章在对准数据采集处理系统中引入了设计模式,介绍了设计模式的概念及使用,并结合该系统软件的开发流程中设计模式的应用实践,阐述了基于设计模式的对准数据采集处理系统的优点及特点。     

交通事故摄影测量中相机标定的扩展两步法

为了利用摄影测量技术提高交通事故数据采集的效率,分析了交通事故与相机标定方法的特点,提出了交通事故现场摄影测量的扩展两步相机标定方法。在扩展两步标定方法中,首先对相机进行线性标定,然后进行非线性修正,最后进行图像校正,并提出了完整的标定步骤和程序,进行了相机标定实验。扩展方法标定的结果与线性标定结果相比,最大绝对误差和相对误差分别为10.9和1.7%,最小绝对误差和相对误差分别为4.1和1.0%,表明扩展两步相机标定方法能够显著提高相机标定精度,抗噪性能稳定。