基于故障模式、影响及危害度分析(FMECA)的地铁车辆检修工艺优化方法

提出了一种地铁车辆检修工艺优化方法。该方法采用FMECA(故障模式、影响及危害度分析),对地铁车辆运营过程中的故障数据进行分析,并根据分析结果对当前的地铁车辆检修工艺进行优化,以提高检修作业的合理性和效率。以地铁车辆高压供电系统为例,说明了该优化方法在地铁车辆高压供电系统上的实施流程;结合相关标准的规定建立了定量化的地铁车辆设备危害性风险评价矩阵,用以确定故障模式的可接受程度;通过建立可接受程度与该检修项点检修等级的对应关系,最终得到检修工艺的优化方案。     

船岸一体化数据同步的实现

由于船岸在地域上的分离,使得岸端管理人员缺乏对所属船舶使用燃油情况的有效监控．文章主要应用卫通设备INMARSAT—C,作为船岸数据传输的主要通道,使用增量数据作为船岸数据同步的主要依据。通过船岸数据同步,实现了船岸资源共享,信息互通,方便了公司管理人员及时了解船舶各种燃油使用情况信息。     

数控机床的可靠性研究

我国数控机床制造水平与国外先进水平相比还有很大差距,主要反映在可靠性差、故障率高上。本文通过对数控机床可靠性的分析,找出其可靠性的薄弱环节,进一步明确了其工作的改进方向。     

Transport network criticality metrics: a comparative analysis and a guideline for selection

ABSTRACT

Transport network criticality analysis aims at ranking transport infrastructure elements based on their contribution to the performance of the overall infrastructure network. Despite the wide variety of transport network criticality metrics, little guidance is available on selecting metrics that are fit for the specific purpose of a study. To address this gap, this study reviews, evaluates and compares seventeen criticality metrics. First, we conceptually evaluate these metrics in terms of the functionality of the transport system that the metrics try to represent (either maintaining connectivity, reducing travel cost, or improving accessibility), the underlying ethical principles (either utilitarianism or egalitarianism), and the spatial aggregation considered by the metrics (either network-wide or localised). Next, we empirically compare the metrics by calculating them for eight transport networks. We define the empirical similarity between two metrics as the degree to which they yield similar rankings of infrastructure elements. Pairs of metrics that have high empirical similarity highlight the same set of transport infrastructure elements as critical. We find that empirical similarity is partly dependent on the network’s topology. We also observe that metrics that are conceptually similar do not necessarily have high empirical similarity. Based on the insights from the conceptual and empirical comparison, we propose a five-step guideline for transport authorities and analysts to identify the set of criticality metrics to use which best aligns with the nature of their policy questions.     

完全有组织排水技术在地铁车辆段中的应用

地铁车辆段在地铁运营中起着重要作用,但在工程实践中地铁车辆段常被暴雨侵袭出现积水,影响车辆段正常使用的现象屡见不鲜。针对这种现状,以某地铁车辆段为例,结合完全有组织排水技术理念,探究车辆段有组织排水技术的应用方式。在对大量车辆段暴雨特点现状调查与分析的基础上,通过剖析其排水体制,提出针对雨水系统的以源头减排来实现削减洪峰流量,采用虹吸雨水、调蓄池等行之有效的有组织排水技术。     

面向精度的分段车间关键工序识别方法及应用

为了确定船舶分段车间生产过程中对分段精度尺寸影响最大的关键工序,依据过程管理思想,提出基于三重要素综合考量的船舶分段车间关键工序的识别方法。基于图论建立生产车间的工序模型,并从工序节点与分段产品尺寸精度的相关程度、工序节点对其他节点的影响程度、工序节点质量水平3个方面提出关键工序识别模型,并给出船舶分段车间工序节点关键度的概念和计算公式,衡量模型中工序节点的关键度。结合某船舶企业的平面分段生产车间,说明该方法的具体实现过程。结果表明,该方法能够有效识别车间生产过程中的关键工序,为通过分段车间的质量管理实现对工序的重点监控与改进提供可靠的支持。     

基于故障率曲线和设备故障危害度的地铁车辆维修策略选择

提出了一种地铁车辆维修策略选择方法。介绍了目前常用的地铁车辆维修策略,通过对地铁运行过程中故障数据统计分析,绘制了车辆重要子系统的故障率曲线,并据此选择了车辆系统的基本维修策略。通过估算组成车辆系统的设备故障模式危害度,并以此对设备划分种类,确定车辆维修工作的重点,对不同种类的设备制定详细的维修策略。     

多船自动避碰决策探讨

文章针对国内外多船避碰决策研究现状,分析现有的多船避碰决策系统的不足,提出今后多船避碰决策的研究方向.     

Developing evasive action‐based indicators for identifying pedestrian conflicts in less organized traffic environments

There has been a growing interest in using surrogate safety measures such as traffic conflicts to analyse road safety from a broader perspective than collision data alone. This growing interest has been aided by recent advances in automated video‐based traffic conflict analysis. The automation enables accurate calculation of various conflict indicators such as time‐to‐collision and post‐encroachment time. These indicators rely on road users getting within specific temporal and spatial proximity from each other and therefore assume that proximity is a surrogate for conflict severity. However, this assumption may not be valid in many driving environments where close interactions between road users are common. The objective of this paper is to investigate the applicability of time proximity conflict indicators for evaluating pedestrian safety in less‐organized traffic environments with a high mix of road users. Several alternative behavioural conflict indicators based on detecting pedestrian evasive actions are recommended to better measure traffic conflicts in such traffic environments. These indicators represent variations in the spatio‐temporal gait parameters (step length, step frequency and walk ratio) immediately before the conflict point. A highly congested shared intersection in Shanghai, China, with frequent pedestrian conflicts is used as a case study. Traffic conflicts are analysed with the use of automated video‐based analysis techniques. The results showed that evasive action‐based indicators have higher potential to identify pedestrian conflicts and measure their severity in high mix less organized traffic environments than time proximity measures such as time‐to‐collision and post‐encroachment time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分形元胞自动机在自组织临界性中的应用

基于元胞自动机分形模型，探讨了散粒体自组织临界性（SOC）的机制．不同级配散粒体单面坡的已有试验表明，散粒体的SOC与非均匀系数有关．应用分形理论计算了沙堆颗粒级配的分维数，结果表明，呈现SOC的沙堆，颗粒级配具有分形特征．进而假设：若大尺度非均匀沙系统的组构特征具有分形特性，系统也能呈现SOC．为解释此假设，建立了既能表征非均匀系数又具有分形组构特征的元胞自动机沙堆模型．数值模拟表明，元胞排列方式服从分形时，沙堆模型呈现SOC，而等间隔排列的模型不呈现SOC，结果与假设一致．最后对SOC的判据进行了讨论，认为系统组构特征具有分形特性是大尺度非均匀沙系统呈现SOC的必要条件．