海上大直径超长HDPE管段沉放工艺

HDPE管段的沉放工艺直接影响管段水下对接的效率以及成功率,是HDPE管段水下安装工程中的重要环节。针对大直径超长HDPE管段的灌水沉放工艺进行系统研究,将理论分析与现场试验相结合,首次提出采用气囊配合"牺牲绳"控制管段灌水沉放的方法,并得出确定气囊数量的方法与原则,进而提出满足变水深条件下的大直径超长HDPE管的灌水沉放工艺。该工艺已成功应用于沙特吉赞JIGCC取排水工程大直径超长HDPE管段安装工程中,为今后类似工程的建设提供参考。     

浅析有线数字电视机房的构筑

为适应数字电视发展的需要，介绍了新建的由双机硬盘播出、信号接收、信号复用、信号加密加扰、信号调制和与管理信号有关的子系统组成的有线数字信号机房。     

Fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon in three estuarine systems of the Cantabrian Sea (north of Spain)

The diffusive and in situ fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) have been measured and an estimation has been made of the water–atmosphere fluxes of CO₂ in three estuarine systems of the Cantabrian Sea during the spring of 1998. Each of these systems undergoes a different anthropogenic influence. The diffusive fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity obtained present values ranging between 0.54–2.65 and 0.0–2.4 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹, respectively. These ranges are in agreement with those of other coastal systems. The in situ fluxes are high and extremely variable (35–284 mmol TA m⁻² day⁻¹, 43–554 mmol DIC m⁻² day⁻¹ and 22–261 mmol dissolved oxygen (DO) m⁻² day⁻¹), because the systems studied are very heterogeneous. The values of the ratio of the in situ fluxes of TA and DIC show on average that the rate of dissolution of CaCO₃ is 0.37 times that of organic carbon oxidation. Equally, the interval of variation of the relationship between the benthic fluxes of inorganic carbon and oxygen (F_DIC/F_DO) is very wide (0.3–13.9), which demonstrates the different contributions made by the processes of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of the organic matter, as well as by the dissolution–precipitation of CaCO₃. The water–atmosphere fluxes of CO₂ present a clear dependence on the salinity. The brackish water of these systems (salinity<20), where maximum fluxes of 989 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹ have been estimated, act as a source of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The more saline zones of the estuary (salinity>30) act as a sink of CO₂, with fluxes between −5 and −10 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹.     

论港口建设工程造价的全过程管理

港口建设工程造价的控制与管理是一个动态的过程,文中重点分析了在项目投资决策阶段、项目设计阶段、项目实施阶段和竣工阶段全过程造价管理的方法与侧重点,以提高投资效益。     

赛艇用预浸料的研制

以先进的碳纤维、芳纶纤维和高性能的环氧树脂为原料,研制适于制造赛艇的预浸料,介绍制备设备和技术,分析表明树脂溶液浓度和预浸料的线速度是影响预浸料树脂含量的因素,改进浸渍工艺后赛艇质量和性能有明显改善。     

石河道大桥桩基础施工

针对卵石地层桩基础成孔问题,根据石河道大桥实际施工实践介绍了应用冲击钻孔的方法加以解决的施工方法,并着重分析了该方法的工艺流程和内容,以及施工中的注意事项.     

生活小区管道直饮水的工艺及经济分析

分析了生活小区管道直饮水的净水工艺,对工艺流程各单元的原理和作用进行了阐述,并进行了经济分析,和桶装直饮水比较,管道直饮水的价格较低,表明生活小区管道直饮水系统有较大的发展空间。     

电信计费模型的设计

依据电信计费系统存在的问题,本文详细描述了电信计费模型的设计方法和各个模块的设计内容。     

Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia

We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year^− 1), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year^− 1), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year^− 1) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year^− 1). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO₂ to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO₂ emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.     

支持协同设计的船舶设计过程模型研究

船舶设计过程模型是在网络环境下开展船舶并行和协同设计系统的基础.本文根据船舶设计的特点,提出了将船舶设计过程按照项目、设计任务和设计活动三个层次进行分解的方法,并给出了船舶设计过程模型形式化定义.该模型明确了设计任务间的并行、顺序和协同关系,可以直接按设计任务构成活动网络图进行规划、分析、管理等工作,使设计过程具有良好的可变更性和可控性.