关于金融法体系构建的若干思考

对于金融法体系的构建,学者们的观点不一。很多学者提出了金融法的体系,但是认识有所不同。对金融法体系的构建存在的偏差,原因在于很多学者忽视了或者说是错误理解了法学体系和法律体系的区别。我们应当分析法学体系和法律体系的区别,认识到对金融法的体系不能简单的固定,只能是随着社会的发展和时代的进步而不断地加以完善。     

通货膨胀对企业所得税及投资效果的影响分析

给出了通货膨胀影响企业所得税及投资效果的分析计算方法，弥补了一般项目投资技术经济分析不考虑通货膨胀因素影响的不足。     

海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用

由于各国关于海事赔偿责任限制的法律规定不一样,因此,在涉外海事赔偿责任限制法律关系中就需要进行法律选择,以确定所应适用的法律。国际社会关于海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用主要有适用法院地法、适用侵权行为地法、适用船旗国法、适用最密切联系原则几种立法模式,中国《海商法》关于海事赔偿责任限制的法律适用宜规定为:海事赔偿责任限制适用船旗国法,若海事赔偿责任限制与其他国家的法律有更密切联系,则适用其他国家的法律。     

Aggregate expenditure elasticity for transport and communication in Australia

For the purpose of estimating Engel elasticity, one needs to find the best functional form among various alternatives. In this paper, a new function, which is called the double semi-log Engel function turns out to be the best functional form for the transport and communication items in Australia on the basis of the distance function (D²) criterion, and the non-nested hypothesis testing procedure. This function is then used to estimate total expenditure elasticity, and the percentage change in consumer demand due to changes in total expenditure and total expenditure inequalities; using the 1975–76 Household Expenditure Survey data. The results of the analyses demonstrate that transport and communication is a necessary item in Australia on the basis of two criteria, viz., its elasticity is not significantly greater than unity, and the percentage change in demand increases with a decrease of the total expenditure inequality [emphasised by Iyengar (I960)]. Policy implication of the analyses has also been discussed.     

沉船打捞是海事执法中的热点与难点

结合工作实际详细解读沉船打捞工作中的疑难问题,并提出合理建议。     

合并规制中的经济民族主义与趋同性

在2001年GE／Honeywell合并案发生时,人们曾热烈地讨论经济民族主义的作用,一些有影响的学者和评论人士强调了合并的国家控制与世界一体化之间的紧张状态。伴随着竞争法在世界范围内的传播．人们对民族主义应用于合并规制的担忧也增加了。本文分析了关国、欧盟以及日本的合并规制在多大程度上存在着趋同性,并通过分析审视了以经济民族主义（或“国家队”政策）为目的的自由裁量的合并规制在多大范围内仍然存在。首先,笔者比较了合并规制和作为经济民族主义工具之一的外国直接投资（FDI）控制,并指出即使在WTO体制下,合并规制仍然是贸易保护主义政策的有效手段。接着,笔者就几个具体问题研究了各国合并规制的趋同程度：1．市场支配力标准;2．市场界定;3．效率抗辩;4．纵向合并与混合合并。对于每一个问题,笔者都指明了民族主义适用的范围,同时也提出了改进的建议。     

预应力混凝土箱梁损伤后剩余承载力计算及变化规律研究

目前对在役桥梁进行技术状况评定时,往往需采用荷载试验的方法来反映桥梁结构实际损伤所产生的性能退化。然而,荷载试验方法存在费用高、耗时长等问题,进行荷载试验代价巨大,且对于存在损伤的结构具有一定的风险。因此,基于对一新建跨径30 m预制预应力混凝土箱梁进行的足尺模型试验结果,构造定义了2种不同的刚度损伤折减系数,结合规范给出的开裂构件抗弯刚度计算公式,提出基于刚度损伤折减系数计算构件实际剩余承载力的计算公式。结果表明：2种方法定义得到的抗弯刚度折减系数的变化趋势基本一致,箱梁在出现损伤后的刚度折减效应明显,从箱梁出现开裂损伤到承载能力极限状态刚度折减约40%,相邻两截面的刚度折减可近似呈线性分布;基于刚度损伤折减系数计算的剩余承载力与试验值的偏差都在5%以下;结合刚度折减系数沿箱梁纵向的分布规律,可计算得出在跨中截面出现损伤后,沿箱梁纵向各截面实际剩余承载力的分布规律。提出的基于刚度损伤折减系数计算实际剩余承载力的方法,可通过结构外观检查结果实现对带有损伤的预应力混凝土箱梁实际剩余承载力的准确计算,该方法简便可行、费用低廉,同时也可为出现损伤的在役桥梁技术状况评定及剩余承载力计算提供一定的借鉴。     

电力机车主变压器的三维漏磁场和脉冲短路电磁力的计算

文章基于边单元法,对某电力机车主变压器在脉冲短路电流条件下的三维漏磁场进行了分析,并获得脉冲短路电流条件下各绕组径向和轴向磁感应强度的分布情况;在此基础上,根据毕奥-沙瓦定律的微、积分表达式,提出了一种基于有限元的简单有效的绕组电磁力计算方法,且可以计算出各分段绕组的受力情况。     

职业卫生监测中应用个体噪声剂量计异常值处置方法的研究

针对职业卫生噪声个体监测过程中异常导致的数据无法使用的问题,本文以某大型装置巡检工个体噪声监测中出现的异常情况为例,探讨数据调整方法。研究发现删除异常值或使用平均值替代两种方法,数据调整后与实际情况吻合度较好,两种方法均能满足个体声级计监测实践要求。     

Flying with climate liability? Economic valuation of voluntary carbon offsets using forced choices

This study aims to examine how key aspects of voluntary climate action influence economic values of aviation carbon offsets using an Australian case study, where voluntary carbon offset programs for the aviation sector were active under a carbon tax between July 01, 2012 and July 17, 2014. An online survey was administered during the period using choice experiments. This rare and short-lived Australian experience is useful to gain insights into how individuals respond to the new public policy in terms of the perceived economic value of voluntary offsets for air travel. According to the estimation results, supporters of the mandatory tax policy held a welfare value of voluntary carbon offsets for their domestic flights that is three times larger than non-supporters (i.e., $AU27.83 vs. $AU9.40). It is $AU12.27 on average per ton of carbon offsets per person for domestic flights and $AU0.92 for international long-haul flights. The findings endorse that individuals seem to attach personal responsibility for carbon emissions (i.e. climate liability or carbon conscience) to frequent domestic flights, but not so much to intercontinental flights. Furthermore, reported flight frequencies by respondents did not place any significant impact on economic values of voluntary carbon offsets in both domestic and international frameworks. A coupled approach between forced choices and certainty responses was adapted, where no-choice options were retrieved, potentially improving choice experiments. Results suggest that airlines should consider simplifying their carbon offset programs to fixed levels (e.g. £3, £10, and £20 as in the case of British Airways), regardless of geographical boundaries, while governments should promote both mandatory and voluntary climate measures in tandem.