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Rodrigo Leão De Moura Carolina Viviana Minte-Vera Isabela Baleeiro Curado Ronaldo Bastos Francini-Filho Hélio De Castro Lima Rodrigues Guilherme Fraga Dutra 《Coastal management》2013,41(6):617-632
In Brazil, Marine Extractive Reserves—MERs (Reservas Extrativistas Marinhas) represent the most significant government-supported effort to protect the common property resources upon which traditional small-scale fishers depend. From an initial small-scale experience in 1992, MERs have expanded countrywide, now encompassing 30 units (9,700 km2) and nearly 60,000 fishers. Despite such escalating interest in the model, there is little research on the effectiveness of MERs. In this article, we discuss relevant parts of the history and examine the current situation of the fisheries co-management initiative in the Marine Extractive Reserve of Corumbau, which was created in 2000 as the first MER to encompass coral reefs and reef fisheries. We describe the Extractive Reserve co-management arrangement and its main policy and legislative challenges. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the use of MERs as management frameworks for traditional small-scale fisheries in Brazil. 相似文献
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主要分析均衡配流条件下城市道路网络承载能力度量与建模中的关键性影响因素。通过对以往研究进展进行综述,指出了现有方法和模型存在的不足。结合备用能力度量指标,对路网承载能力建模中的四个重要因素——路段通行能力、服务水平要求、出行需求结构和出行者择路行为进行了深入剖析,并对其内在关联性进行了讨论。最后提出了区域备用能力这一较为系统化的度量指标,并通过比较说明其优越性。 相似文献
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以蒙华铁路九岭山隧道为工程背景,运用强度折减法计算围岩强度储备并将其作为围岩稳定性的参考指标。依据现场监测,得到初期支护的受力特征。基于围岩强度储备指标与初期支护的受力特征,对初期支护进行优化设计,并应用于现场。研究结果表明:在围岩具有足够强度储备的前提下,初期支护主要承受形变压力;系统锚杆未发挥作用,喷射混凝土抗压性能未被充分利用,格栅钢架钢筋难以发挥其抗拉和抗弯性能;可将现有初期支护"喷射混凝土+格栅钢架+系统锚杆"的结构形式优化为"喷射混凝土+格栅钢架"。对原有设计和优化方案进行数值模拟,对比其锚杆轴力与喷射混凝土应力分布,同时应用现场试验验证该优化方案的安全性与可行性。该优化方案已在蒙华铁路应用推广。 相似文献
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When programming the daily generation strategies, power plants consider not only the competitive bids in spot market and the original purchase contracts with distribution companies or users, but also the spinning reserve. Aiming at this goal, the paper puts forward a daily generating model, which is a nonlinear programming model containing integral and continous variables, to coordinate the power volumes of competitive bids, contract and the spinning reserve of power plants and thus to maximize their profits. Then, the model is simplified to ease its solving process, and solved by priority ranking method based on efficiency and quadratic programming. The simulation result of a case study shows that the proposed scheme is reasonable and practicable. 相似文献
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本文首先阐述了建立我国战略石油储备的必要性,选取了超大型浮式储油船作为海上石油储备方式.系泊系统是整个海上储油系统中最重要的设施,对系泊系统的概念、分析、设计和可靠性等作了较详细的描述.用失效概率来评估系泊系统的安全性,是衡量储油系统是否安全的重要手段之一.文中提出了考虑防波堤遭受破坏状况下计算系泊系统失效的数值模拟方法,用时域系泊模拟法求解储油船运动方程并对系泊系统进行了可靠性分析.模拟结果表明,系泊系统的年可靠性为0.999 997.所提出的方法能有效地对超大型浮式储油船系泊系统进行定量的安全评估. 相似文献
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随着我国石油储备基地工程逐步实施,其对库区周边环境的负面影响不容忽视,因此有必要引入环境监理对工程建设进行动态的、全过程的监督与管理。本文以兰州国家石油储备基地工程为例,对石油储备工程不同时期环境监理的工作内容、范围及方法等进行研讨,为类似工程尤其是大型站场工程的环境监理工作起到借鉴作用。 相似文献