沪杭磁浮线的社会经济效益分析

沪杭磁浮线对长江三角洲的经济将会带来巨大影响,同时其投入资金巨大.从可量化效益(节约乘客出行时间、提高安全性、提高乘客的劳动生产率、节约城市土地、降低污染、带动沿线不动产的增值、节约能源)和不可量化效益(改善交通促进城市发展、改善居民生活质量)这两大方面对沪杭磁浮线的社会经济效益进行分析.     

考虑同伴群动态交流分组的行人仿真模型研究

朋友、家人等社会群体结伴出行的同伴群在行人流中常占有较高比例.由于交流需求,同伴群趋于肩并肩行走以横向成排或接近浅V型的形态前进.在现有研究中,基于社会力的同伴群行人微观仿真模型对这一现象的描述最符合实际.本文观测发现,随着人流密度的增加或同伴群成员数量增多,同伴群通常动态呈现前后分组、横向成排空间形态,这是每个同伴群成员为寻求一个合适的行走位置,对满足交流需求和降低前进阻力权衡决策后呈现的自组织现象.本文提出动态交流分组模型对同伴群成员个体决策机理进行刻画,在此基础上,通过仿真实验分析同伴群对行人流动力学特性产生的影响.仿真研究结果表明,模型较好重现了同伴群随密度和人数增加的动态分组现象;同伴群的存在会降低行人流速度,但其影响强度随人流密度的增加而减弱;同伴群动态交流分组模型的引入会提升仿真行人流的通行效率,使之更加接近真实行人流的运动特性.     

幸福感在交通政策中的作用

幸福感、生活质量和幸福正逐渐影响众多不同领域,例如经济、国家标准和公共健康。尽管心理幸福感的重要性日益受到重视,但却鲜有人关注交通系统对生活满意度的影响。首先,探讨幸福感在交通政策中所发挥的作用,并阐述幸福感对未来交通政策的启发作用。其次,回顾心理学文献,提出一个假设的模型即交通会通过提高重要生活领域的可达性或者物质环境的机动性及外部性从而对生活满意度产生间接或直接影响。对交通领域的初步研究为该模型提供了支持。最后,阐述政策建议和可使用该框架进行研究的领域。     

流动人口社会保障问题探讨

着重分析流动人口社会保障体系的模式,在目前形势下,我国流动人口的社会保障体系应建立可灵活流动的个人账户模式和公共账户模式,这不仅仅是实现对全体国民建立低水平基本保障目标的基础,也是我国建设小康社会的重要组成部分。     

大城市中小学周边地区交通拥堵问题分析与解决策略

交通拥堵已经成为我国大城市的一种社会问题,它与每一个人都息息相关,如何更好地处理这种问题,使其减少对人们出行的影响,成为值得每一个人思考的问题。针对大中型城市中的交通拥堵其中的一种现象进行深入的剖析,系统介绍交通拥堵的成因,有针对性地提出如何改善中小学周边地区交通拥堵现象的一些观点和做法。     

Investigating Causal Pathways Linking Site-Level Characteristics,Compliance, and Ecological Performance in Caribbean MPAs

A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsible authorities. Much of the research on compliance proposes causal mechanisms at the individual human level, but few studies test causal paths with empirical data particularly at the site level. This study tested a proposed pathway for explaining overall compliance rates and ecological performance in SES using data from structured surveys of community members, key informant interviews, policy documents, and coral reef surveys at marine protected areas (MPAs) and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean. Findings indicate that compliance and other active MPA management interventions positively affect ecological performance, and site-level contextual factors (level of community development and being part of a political network) positively influence significant predictors of overall compliance rates, which include active MPA management and enforced punishments.     

Challenges and Benefits in the Design of Coastal Walking and Cycling Amenities: Toward a More Integrated Coastal Management Approach

The planning and development of pedestrian and cycling amenities in coastal urban environments is a challenging process because a wide range of policies and considerations must be taken into account. Among these, the concepts of sustainability and more recently, resilience, have been gaining prominence. Green Infrastructure design approaches can integrate aspects of both sustainability and resilience, providing multiple services within single development projects. This study focuses on Dublin and examines a range of amenity projects at various stages of development that relate to the provision of new coastal walking and/or cycle routes. These are initially contextualized at the city level before focusing specifically on challenges and benefits associated with the design and implementation of such projects. Based on our findings, recommendations are made for optimizing the potential of future projects to effectively integrate with other initiatives so as to deliver broader policy objectives. A simple sequential model is presented that should assist developers and decision-makers to take a more integrated, multidisciplinary approach to meeting policy goals when planning and developing coastal amenities. Finally, this is remodeled into a set of considerations that are generally applicable to coastal development proposals of significant scale.     

城市轨道交通项目后评价体系研究

分析我国城市轨道交通项目后评价的研究现状,建立城市轨道交通项目后评价体系,包括过程后评价、效益和影响后评价、可持续性后评价和综合后评价四个部分,并详细介绍各部分内容。     

对体育院校人才培养社会评价机制的探讨

参照当前教育评价最新发展趋势和先进的评价思想,结合当前体育院校的实际情况,参考工商业界质量保障的ISO9000系统以过程为基础的质量管理体系模式,试图构建教育社会评价的发展性评价模式.即通过教育系统内外各方广泛参与、紧密联系、和谐运作,使评价成为真正推进全国体育院校教育质量全面提高的“杠杆“.     

英语中的性别歧视及其社会内涵

自20世纪60年代女权主义运动以来语言中的性别歧视一直是女权主义语言学家研究的重要课题.本文以英语中的性别歧视现象为切入点,分析这些现象形成的根源,最终提出解决这一问题的根本在于实现男女平等的社会变革.