改性沸石对水中铬酸盐的吸附和解吸性能研究

以溴化十六烷基三甲胺为改性剂制备改性沸石,研究了对水中铬酸根阴离子的吸附性能及影响因素,结果表明,改性沸石对铬酸根的吸附效果良好,实验条件下吸附率在90%以上.绘制了改性沸石对铬酸根阴离子的吸附等温线,其吸附规律较好的符合Langmuir吸附等温式.对吸附平衡的改性沸石进行了解吸实验,以Na2CO3和NaOH的水溶液为洗脱剂可以对铬酸根阴离子有效的解吸,以达到再生的效果并且解吸后的改性沸石经过稀盐酸处理后基本恢复了对铬酸根阴离子起初的吸附能力.     

膨胀石墨吸油特性的研究

通过对不同形态和填充密度的膨胀石墨(EG)进行的毛细吸附实验，着重研究了EG的比表面积和填充密度对吸油特性的影响．实验结果表明：细颗粒状EG样品的比表面积从O．624m^2／g到34．20m^2／g显著变化时，对柴油吸附率的改善并不显著；与细颗粒状EG样品相比，大颗粒蠕虫状样品具有更高的吸附率；填充密度的变化对A级重油吸附率有显著影响．     

Sorption Behaviours of Exfoliated Graphite

Exfoliated graphite(EG) is selected as a new kind of sorbent to sorb heavy oil spilled.In order to make use of EG more effectively,some basic experiments are performed to investigate its sorption properties i.e.,specific sorption,height of saturation layer,sorption time constant.In the present experiments,A-grade heavy oil is employed as a standard sorbate.It is concluded that 1) under the condition that the area of solid(filter bottom)-liquid (heavy oil) interface is a constant,specific sorption usually decreases when the amonut of EG filled or the apparent bulk density increase,however,the specific sorption initially increases when the apparent bulk density is too low and the amount of EG filled is too much ;2) under the condition that the apparent bulk density of EG filled is a constant,the sorption time constant tends to increase when the amount of EG filled increases;however,for a constant amount of EG filled,the sorption time constant will decrease when the apparent bulk density increases.     

胺基型超快螯合纤维处理含铜废水性能研究

应用化学涂敷法制备了铜离子螫合纤维,考察了其对铜离子的平衡吸附过程及pH值对吸附性能的影响,对比了螯合纤维及D113树脂吸附铜离子的速率,并用准一级和准二级动力学方程对实验数据进行分析拟合,从而得出结论--在相同的pH值和浓度下,螯合纤维的吸附速率是D113树脂吸附速率的十几倍.     

Improvement of oil/water selectivity by stearic acid modified expanded perlite for oil spill cleanup

Ecological disasters and economic losses resulting from oil spills have reminded us the necessity for finding an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and available in large-scale materials to minimize the oil spill effects. The development of high oil/water selectivity mineral sorbent for the removal of oil from the water is of great interest for oil spill cleanup. In this work, highly oil/water selectivity sorbent of expanded perlite modified with stearic acid was prepared by solution-immersion processes, and the characterization of sorbent was analyzed by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy technique. The optimized amount of loaded stearic acid (SA) on the expanded perlite surface was found to be 2.0%. Then the sorption characteristics of unmodified expanded perlite (UMEP) and stearic acid modified expanded perlite (SMEP) were tested. The effects of different particles size, oil/water volume ratio and sorption simulated condition were investigated. It was found that expanded perlite modified with stearic acid could adsorb selectively oil from water in oil/water system. The maximum oil/water sorption ratio of SMEP was 46, which was about 191 times that of UMEP (0.24) in studied experimental range. The FT-IR analysis demonstrated the presence of long-chain alkyl group in the SMEP samples, which played an important role in oil/water selectivity of SMEP samples. The equilibrium were tested with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and oil sorption process of SMEP showed good correlation with the Langmuir isotherm model.     

植物炭材料的柴油吸附性能

对炭化玉米秆、炭化油菜杆和炭化竹子杆对柴油的吸附性能进行了试验研究．试验发现，3种植物炭材料都具有一定的吸油能力，其中炭化玉米秆吸油性能最佳．用扫描电镜、压汞和N2吸附方法，检测了3种植物炭材料的孔径大小、分布和比表面积．中大孔径（500-7500nm）的植物炭材料改善了毛细作用，对柴油的吸附性能较好．吸油率与比表面积之间没有明显的相关性．对于液相吸附，比表面积的影响可以忽略．