供水特性对水润滑橡胶轴承衬套的影响

以船用水润滑橡胶轴承为研究对象,采用热-流-固耦合模型,研究水膜对水润滑橡胶轴承橡胶衬套的热传递及受力变形的影响,并通过控制变量法,探究供水特性对其温升和受力变形的影响。结果显示:水膜和橡胶的温度呈现出一种偏移的梯度变化;橡胶的受力变形呈现出带弧状的梯度分布;供水速度对橡胶温升和受力变形的影响显著,供水温度和密度对其受力变形的影响程度也不容忽略。     

考虑拥堵空间排队与溢出的道路网静态交通流分配

为刻画拥堵空间排队与溢出现象对交通流分配的影响，提出考虑拥堵空间排队与溢出的道路网静态交通流分配问题，并构建相关的求解算法，用于描述交通需求在起讫点移动过程中路网整体的宏观运行状态。首先，丰富和完善考虑拥堵空间排队与溢出的静态交通流分配的相关假设，提出次生瓶颈、拥堵干扰与渗透和分段化路段阻抗等基本概念和理论，来刻画拥堵交通瓶颈、拥堵空间排队等交通现象；其次，建立网络瓶颈识别算法和空间排队回溯算法，基于此构建考虑拥堵空间排队和溢出的增量分配算法，用于求解交通流分配的结果；最后，通过使用一个具有说明型的算例进行对比分析。研究结果表明：建立的瓶颈识别、排队回溯和增量分配算法可以识别路网中的瓶颈位置及其拥堵排队区域，并可计算得到各路段上的分段分配流量；与点排队只影响瓶颈路段的运行状况和均一的路段分配结果相比，可有效描述路网整体的宏观运行状态以及由于拥堵空间排队所导致的拥堵干扰与渗透现象；不同于“时间片”的伪动态交通流分配模型，新建算法的分配结果是“全时段”与“整体性”的路网宏观运行状态，包含了拥堵瓶颈的具体位置和空间排队的干扰与渗透情况；一般拥堵点排队模型和基于“时间片”的拥堵空间排队模型难以刻画拥堵干扰与渗透现象以及路网整体的宏观运行状态，故所建立的分配方法是对传统拥堵交通流分配的丰富和发展。     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

组件式GIS空间查询与分析包的设计与实现

在组件式技术成熟和空间查询语言规范化的今天,越来越多的GIS系统不再满足于现有的空间查询与分析能力。组件式GIS空间查询分析开发包?S-GIS的Queries包提供了一组API接口可供GIS系统二次开发人员使用。该组件包提供一个轻量级的SQL解释器来对内存中要进行查询的SQL语句进行解释执行。本文介绍了Queries包的特色,并且将它与Oracle10g,ArcGIS等软件的空间查询部分做了一些简单比较。     

Benthic community patterns reflect water column processes in the Northeast Water polynya (Greenland)

Benthic community patterns were investigated in the Northeast Water polynya (Greenland) during the summers of 1992 and 1993 to elucidate to what extent the bottom fauna is influenced by the dynamics of the overlying water. Five different fractions of the benthos (foraminiferans, nematodes, polychaetes, peracarid crustaceans, and epibenthic megafauna), ranging in average adult body size over 6 orders of magnitude (from about 100 μm to about 10 cm), were sampled quantitatively at 69 stations in water depths from 40 to 515 m. Total abundances of nematodes, polychaetes and peracarid crustaceans were found to be primarily correlated with parameters characterizing the potential benthic food supply (water column pigment and nitrate concentrations, sediment bound pigments and sediment biological activity), whereas abundances of foraminiferans and megabenthos were largely associated with seabed properties. Four benthic zones were distinguished by separately analyzing the faunistic composition and distribution of the five community fractions for Ob Bank, Western Westwind Trough, Eastern Westwind Trough, and Belgica Trough. This pattern was shown principally to reflect pelagic regimes differing in surface water hydrography, ice cover and euphotic productivity. This is the first time that a synoptic study of several benthic community portions spanning such a range in sizes and life styles has been performed in a polar shelf ecosystem. Our results indicate that abundances as well as composition of Arctic benthos are largely influenced by mesoscale pelagic processes, and thus provide further evidence for the importance of the benthic-pelagic coupling in high latitude seas.     

电机悬挂方式对LIM地铁系统动力特性的影响研究

研究目的：研究直线电机地铁在不同电机悬挂方式下的气隙变化规律及车辆、轨道的动力响应特性，并将二者进行比较。研究方法：应用车辆轨道耦合动力学理论，分别建立不同悬挂方式下的系统模型并编制相应的仿真程序，通过在轨道局部加入谐波型余弦不平顺激励对系统的动力特性进行分析。研究结果：2种悬挂方式对系统的各向加速度和轮轨力的影响差别较小，而气隙变化呈现明显不同的规律。研究结论：直线电机采用架悬式悬挂时，要严格控制幅值大于5．5mm的长波不平顺，防止电机和反力板之问的刮蹭；而当采用抱轴式悬挂时，要注意控制大幅值的短波不平顺出现，防止气隙过大，影响电机效率。     

船舶液力耦合器的人工神经网络的数学建模

从船舶动力装置动态建模与仿真的实际需求，引出了其主要部件之一的液力耦合器数学建模在稳／动态特性研究中的重要性，以及利用其试验曲线(输入特性形式)作为数据源去构建准稳态数学模型的困难之处：寻找一种通用的数学表达形式，以实现①液力耦合器在额定工况及其附近的试验曲线的内插与外廷；②过渡工况液力耦合器数学模型的设计(如液力耦合器接合和脱开过程其滑差从100％向额定滑差值方向的变化)。本文介绍了人工神经网络方法在液力耦合器动态建模中的应用。文章先介绍了其数学建模的思路和要点：①选择人工神经网络算法(包括传递函数)与结构(人工神经网络隐含层数目和神经元个数)；②提高人工神经网络泛化能力的措施；③利用专业知识扩充人工神经网络训练用的数据样本。然后叙述了其数学模型在某船舶动力装置稳态、动态特性计算机仿真研究中的某些有意义的结果：①正常航行(四机双桨)稳态工况时各车令下液力耦合器的滑差；②不同螺旋桨螺距下的液力耦合器接合过程的滑差变化；③怠速→前进五的急加速过程的滑差变化。     

单片机测控系统的抗干扰技术

本文介绍了单片机测控系统所受干扰的种类和传播途径,并针对其组成部件的电路结构、功能特点、所处环境提出了具体的抗干扰技术.     

一种新型双模微带带通滤波器

在传统方形双模滤波器的基础上，提出了一种新的微带带通滤波器结构。该结构很好解决了传统滤波器的辐射损耗和体积大等问题。它可以应用到混合或单片微波集成电路中，更加有效地抑制高次谐波输出。利用上述结构仿真并设计了一个中心频率在1GHz，并能有效抑制高次谐波的带通滤波器，测试结果满足设计要求。     

温度变形对大跨度钢箱系杆拱桥车桥动力响应的影响

为分析温度变形对大跨度钢箱系杆拱桥列车走形性的影响,以某跨度为96m的四线下承式钢箱系杆拱桥为例,首先建立该桥的动力分析模型并对其进行自振特性分析,然后,根据弹性系统动力学势能不变值原理与形成矩阵的“对号入座”法则,分别考虑桥梁在3种温度体系（未考虑温度、升温、降温）下产生的变形影响,将其以组合曲线的形式叠加到轨道不平顺中进行列车走行性分析,建立车桥系统的空间振动方程,并对3种工况下的车桥耦合动力响应进行计算分析。研究结果表明：温度变形对桥梁动力响应的影响不大,对列车响应中脱轨系数、横向力、车体横向加速度及横向sperling指标有显著的影响,但在各温度变形工况下列车走行性仍满足限值要求。