桥梁冲击系数理论研究和应用进展

为推动桥梁冲击系数理论和应用研究的进一步深入开展,从计算方法、理论与数值模拟、现场试验与测试3个方面系统梳理国内外公路、城市和铁路桥梁工程领域冲击系数(或动力系数)的研究进展,并探讨其不足和发展趋势.计算方法方面,从桥梁冲击系数的定义出发,详细阐述典型国家最新规范冲击系数表达式;理论与数值模拟方面,分析了车辆参数、桥梁...     

公路施工企业固定资产管理与内部会计控制

文章从公路施工企业固定资产的管理现状出发,分析了当前企业所存在的问题,提出了健全和完善固定资产管理的对策和思路。     

大跨桥梁主梁涡激振动研究进展与思考

大跨桥梁主梁涡激振动与控制属桥梁工程核心技术难题，亦为桥梁抗风设计理论有待深入解决的关键科学问题。为推动大跨桥梁主梁涡振理论与应用研究的进一步发展，系统梳理国内外针对该问题的最新进展与前沿热点。首先总结现场实测、风洞试验、计算流体力学及理论分析4种常用研究手段及其适用条件，然后从主梁断面涡振驱动机理、涡振影响因素、三维全桥涡振计算方法及主梁涡振控制4部分回顾国内外最新研究进展，最后从试验与测试技术、理论分析、主梁涡振控制3个角度探讨大跨桥梁主梁涡振研究的发展趋势。结果表明：大跨桥梁主梁涡振研究在流体-结构耦合特性模拟、三维全桥涡振性能预测、实桥涡振控制等方面尚存在一些技术难题有待进一步探索；近年来围绕新型观测设备和试验技术、高精度气动力降阶模拟和人工智能手段、主动气动控制措施和新型被动机械措施方面出现了一些新的发展趋势，有较大的细化和深入研究的空间。     

Development and Impact of the Modern High‐speed Train: A Review

Abstract

The inauguration of the Shinkansen high‐speed train service between Tokyo and Osaka, Japan, at 210 kph maximum operating speed some 40 years ago marked the comeback of the train as an important passenger mode of transport. Since then high‐speed train (HST) services have been introduced in many countries and are planned in many more, and the train has once more become the dominant mode of transport on many routes. This review summarizes the different elements of HST operation with the aim of characterizing HST operation and putting in context its impact in terms of what it is best designed for and what it can deliver. The review concludes that the HST is best designed to substitute conventional railway services on routes where much higher capacity is required and to reduce travel time, further improving the railway service, also against other modes, therefore leading to mode substitution. However, the high investment in HST infrastructure could not be justified based on its economic development benefits since these are not certain. Finally, the following definition for HST services is suggested: high capacity and frequency railway services achieving an average speed of over 200 kph.     

体外预应力梁桥的技术发展与若干关键问题

概述了体外预应力技术的发展历程、技术特点以及在新桥和旧桥加固中的应用现状,讨论了体外预应力技术在设计施工上的若干关键问题。在施工技术上主要为换索技术、锚固块和转向块施工技术以及与体外预应力结合的预制节段施工技术;设计理论上主要有应力增量计算、预应力损失计算、锚固区和转向块构造设计、体外索的二次效应和振动等问题。最后,展望了体外预应力技术在我国桥梁工程中的应用前景。