二行程汽油机分层扫气性能的数值模拟研究

简述了二行程汽油机常用的两种分层扫气方式(空间分层和时间分层)的工作原理,并采用计算流体力学(CFD)程序对其分别采用均匀扫气和这两种分层扫气方式时的换气过程进行了多维模拟计算。计算结果表明,与均匀扫气方式相比,分层扫气方式具有燃油短路损失小的优点,但对扫气性能没有明显的影响,且燃油的混合不如均匀扫气充分。     

Projected prevalence of car-sharing in four Asian-Pacific countries in 2030: What the experts think

This paper presents a “big-picture view” for policymakers and related stakeholders regarding the future development of car-sharing services. Car-sharing has the potential to significantly disrupt the personal mobility market. Thus, understanding their market penetration and implications is urgently needed. Previous studies in this domain have predominantly focused on the views, opinions, and preferences of consumers. In this study, we complement the current demand modelling research on car-sharing by applying an expert elicitation and aggregation technique that relies on transport experts’ opinions to investigate the role of car-sharing in the future. Specifically, based on the opinions of mobility suppliers, this research elicits experts’ judgment from across government, industry, and academia to gain insights into the future of car-sharing markets in four countries – Australia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. The analysis reveals that, from a mobility supplier’s perspective, energy and vehicle prices will not have a statistically significant impact on the future adoption of car-sharing. The results also show that the more knowledgeable an expert is, the more pessimistic they are about the market penetration of car-sharing in 2016, and the more optimistic they are about the prevalence of car-sharing in 2030.     

拖曳球体尾流效应内波表现特征及其产生机理研究

采用PIV技术对分层流体中拖曳球体尾流及内波的流场进行了测量,捕捉到了清晰的尾流效应内波的流场图像。尾流效应内波不规则,有一定的随机性,迟于模型出现,呈"V"字形,波长较短,且不随内傅氏数明显变化,与体效应内波特征差异明显。通过对尾流激发内波过程的分析,发现尾流效应内波与尾涡结构紧密相关,试验测量的内波波长与St数决定的涡间距吻合,验证了尾涡激发内波是尾流效应产生内波的一种机制。     

潜航体激发类开尔文内波的垂向数值纹影实验研究

运用垂向数值纹影实验技术(NSS_V),研究了潜航体模型在线性分层流体中激发内波的形态特征,测量了类开尔文V形内波的张角、航行方向内波波长 λx与内弗罗德数(Fr=U/DN)之间的关系.实验表明:V型内波张角随着弗罗德数增大而减小,在Fr=1附近出现一个异常缓变平台;波峰线相关波长 λx与弗罗德数呈线性关系:λx=8.57Fr+1.74.对比实验表明潜航体的指挥塔对三维内波流场影响主要表现为其体积效应及角区的湍流尾迹效应.     

Using SenseCam to pursue “ground truth” for global positioning system travel surveys

Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys have been conducted for the past decade. Although GPS records were initially regarded as providing “ground truth” of travel, it has been found subsequently that they have some errors. SenseCam, a small passive digital camera, provides a chance to pursue ground truth by capturing images every 20 s on average. This paper discusses how SenseCam could help GPS data collection and shows potential benefits for both SenseCam and GPS research. This paper also investigates the performance of GPS devices in detail in terms of recording data by comparisons between GPS results and SenseCam images. The specific issue of missing GPS data is discussed and examined in this paper.     

On the application of hydraulic theory to the deep-water flow through the Irbe Strait

A flow-dependent critical-point method for investigating topographically controlled flow in natural channels is applied to the bottom current through the Irbe Strait connecting the Baltic proper and the Gulf of Riga. This approach is based on the functional formalism due to Gill [Gill, A.E., 1977. The hydraulics of rotating-channel flow. J. Fluid Mech., 80, 641–671.], and here is used for the stratified flow structure observed during the IRBEX-95 field campaign. A critical section of the realizable flow regime was found to be located slightly downstream of the most pronounced horizontal constriction of the channel. The predicted baroclinic volume flux 7200 m³ s⁻¹ overestimates the observed mean bottom-water transport by around 30%, a discrepancy which most likely can be explained by the lack of sea level conditions and friction in the model.     

强震区板桩结构成层土地震土压力的计算方法

物部-冈部公式广泛应用于地震作用下的土压力计算,但因其适用条件的局限性,不能用于板桩墙后既含砂土又含有黏土的非均质土,且国内外规范对此类成层土的地震土压力计算没有统一的规定。总结国内外规范中成层土地震动土压力计算方法,找出其本质差异,在前人研究基础上引进整体极限平衡方法,结合SLOPE软件,得出强震区板桩结构成层土地震土压力的计算方法,并通过海外强震区港口工程实例验证,为同类工程提供参考。     

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对居民出行调查的主要结论形式——平均出行次数、出行方式结构和出行时间与工作地特征之间的关系进行了详细的分析,发现相互之间有明显对应关系,若能按照工作地特征分层（或分类）开展出行调查,则样本极具代表性.基于分层抽样,提出了一类新的居民出行调查方法,并对其中的抽样方法作了细致的研究,提出了总体及分层抽样率的确定公式.以温州市平阳县万全镇为例,讨论抽样率公式中的参数取值,得到了对应于7类工作地的出行调查抽样率大小,说明了本文方法的可操作性.并分析了本文所提出的调查方法相对于简单随机抽样法的优势.     

戴维森与先验论证问题

戴维森是后分析哲学时代最为重要的哲学家之一,他应用了一种语言学版本的先验论证。一般而言,先验论证力图阐明一般性的经验条件和经验命题或事件之间的先天关系,它往往以图式/内容二元论为基础。戴维森的先验论证则建立在一个完全不同的基础之上,它诉诸于其解释理论,以消除这种二元论为己任,力图在一致性论题(主观性)与真(客观性)、一致与符合之间建立先天连结。戴维森的先验论证同样也可以是一种驳斥怀疑论的方法,例如其著名的全知解释者论证。     

真理标准问题大讨论与党的理论建设

1978年开展的真理标准问题大讨论是中国近代史上的三次思想解放运动之一。这场讨论鲜明地批判了"两个凡是"的错误观点,提出了实践是检验真理的唯一标准,明确了对待马克思主义、毛泽东思想的正确态度。大讨论重新确立了解放思想、实事求是的思想路线,为党的十一届三中全会、改革开放奠定了正确的政治路线和组织路线,对中国特色社会主义理念体系的形成,特别是邓小平理论的提出有着深远的历史意义。继承和发扬大讨论过程中的那种大胆探索、勇于开拓的精神,对于以改革创新精神不断完善党的理论建设,推进中国特色社会主义事业前进具有重大意义。