基于和谐理念的出租车客运系统发展研究

从行业管理角度出发。采用和谐理念．分析当前出租车客运系统的“负效应”。探讨其表现形式和成因。通过对目前出租车客运系统和谐状态的判断。指出相关的和谐要点和简单措施。     

Predicting market potential and environmental benefits of deploying electric taxis in Nanjing,China

This paper investigates the market potential and environmental benefits of replacing internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles with battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in the taxi fleet in Nanjing, China. Vehicle trajectory data collected by onboard global positioning system (GPS) units are used to study the travel patterns of taxis. The impacts of charger power, charging infrastructure coverage, and taxi apps on the feasibility of electric taxis are quantified, considering taxi drivers’ recharging behavior and operating activities. It is found that (1) depending on the charger power and coverage, 19% (with AC Level 2 chargers and 20% charger network coverage) to 56% (with DC chargers and 100% charger network coverage) of the ICE vehicles can be replaced by electric taxis without driving pattern changes; (2) by using taxi apps to find nearby passengers and charging stations, drivers could utilize the empty cruising time to charge the battery, which may increase the acceptance of BEVs by up to 82.6% compared to the scenario without taxi apps; and (3) tailpipe emissions in urban areas could be significantly reduced with taxi electrification: a mixed taxi fleet with 46% compressed-natural-gas-powered (CNG) and 54% electricity-powered vehicles can reduce the tailpipe emissions by 48% in comparison with the fleet of 100% CNG taxis.     

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通过常规阶段和奥运期间对出租车运行特征的监测与对比分析,研究奥运期间在交通限行背景下出租车出行规律和特征,评价出租车客运系统供给能力和运行效率,研究影响交通特征变化的有关因素,从而为今后大型活动的交通保障工作积累经验。研究结果表明,奥运期间出租车出车率达到92.26%,日均客运量较赛前增加19.2%,出租车空驶率由赛前的46.05%降低到37.06%;76.31%的受访者认为出租车运行速度较赛前有明显提高,而仅28.85%的受访者认为出租车候车时间明显变短,出租车服务水平还有待进一步提高。     

基于系统动力学的大连市出租车保有量预测

采用系统动力学模型,找出影响出租车规模内外因素间的因果关系,包括经济、人口、机动车保有量、出行需求、政策等.在系统结构分析和因果反馈分析的基础上建立了出租车系统,以大连市出租车相关统计数据进行仿真计算,分析了不同的发展政策对出租车系统的影响,提出相应的建议和对策.     

基于电动出租车数据的充电桩选址聚类方法比较

为有效降低出租车运营企业及经营者的经济成本,通过分析出租车的卫星轨迹数据,比较和选取用于电动出租车充电桩选址规划的聚类方法。以上海市电动出租车充电站的选址规划为研究对象,分别基于孤立森林和聚类算法设计异常值检测方法,对相关时段的出租车卫星数据进行清理以及数据可视化处理;比较层次聚类（Agglomerative Clustering）、高斯混合模型（Gaussian Mixture Model, GMM）、K-means聚类、Mean-Shift聚类以及谱聚类（Spectral Clustering） 5种算法的聚类效果,并选取K-means算法作为充电桩选址规划参考算法。从城市区域划分及企业运营角度确定充电桩选址方案,为未来上海市区电动出租车充电桩的数量和容量配置提供设计依据。     

基于服务质量招投标的出租车市场准入与退出机制

对中国现行出租车市场行政审批、拍卖、定额招标等主要准入模式存在的弊端进行了分析,指出出租车市场准入与退出机制应促进服务质量竞争,促进企业自身建设,促进运营模式改革,并维护行业稳定,建立一个以服务质量招投标为主要手段的出租车市场准入与退出机制,对实施服务质量招投标制度需解决的政策法规配套、服务质量评价体系构建、经营权有偿使用制度改革以及新老政策衔接等关键问题提出了建议。实际应用表明该机制可以较好地化解政府、出租车公司、出租车驾驶员之间的利益矛盾,促进行业自身建设,加强行业服务竞争,提高行业服务水平。     

The “Ubernomics” of ridesourcing: the myths and the reality

ABSTRACT

This paper looks at the economics of ridesourcing (or app-based ride-hailing) with a particular focus on the US. It brings together the rather dispersed literature on the subject focusing on the economic characteristics of the underlying industry and sets this within the broader context of transportation economics. In particular, it sorts out the realities of ridesourcing from some of myths that were perpetrated in its early days and, in many cases, still persist. It considers some of the empirical evidence that has emerged regarding the key parameters that determine the way Uber and the like operate, and the welfare implications of this, together with comments on some of the regulatory reactions to the new transportation platform. It concludes by suggesting some ways in which recent developments in economic could move forward our understanding of the industry as technologies and markets change.     

出租车行业规制与放松规制分析

对出租车行业的规制现状进行分析,依据经济学理论,利用博弈论以及社会福利理论分析出租车行业无规制条件下和规制条件下的社会福利情况。通过库诺特竞争模型,说明出租车行业在规制条件下的社会福利与无规制条件相比得到改善和提高;通过斯坦克尔伯格竞争模型,得出出租车行业在放松规制条件下的社会福利与规制条件下相比得到改善和提高。从社会福利角度对出租车的行业规制和放松规制进行分析,指出出租车行业规制的合理发展方向,为今后出租车行业的健康发展提供理论依据。     

城市出租车交通分布预测模型

现有交通需求预测方法以居民出行分析为基础,预测得出的出租车交通分布量实质上是载客出租车的交通分布量,因此其预测值比实际值偏小.基于出租车的运行规律,提出了出租车出行概念,将系统中出租车总出行量分解为载客出租车出行量和空驶出租车出行量,并运用Logit概率选择模型,建立了载客出租车出行量与空驶出租车出行量之间的关系,从而得出了总体出租车的交通分布预测方法.该方法既可以模拟城市现状的出租车交通分布状况,也可以对规划年出租车的交通分布进行预测,避免了传统分析方法对空驶出租车交通量的疏漏.     

车载定位技术在出租车调度系统中的应用

介绍了出租车调度系统的构成及其功能。调度指挥中心系统作为调度系统的核心,能够实现卫星定位、查询管理、电招、报警等功能。而车载定位导航系统主要是借助GPS(GlobalPositionSystem)全球定位系统来实现的。GPS全球定位系统是全球性、全天候、连续的卫星无线电导航系统,它可提供实时的三维位置,三维速度和高精度的时间和信息。出租车调度系统的建立可有效地提高出租车行业的服务水平和城市文明形象。