A signal decomposition method based on repeated extraction of maximum energy component for offshore structures

Contrary to most signal decomposition methods that usually decompose an original signal into a series of components simultaneously, a novel approach based on repeated extraction of Maximum Energy Component (MEC) is proposed. The approach starts from determination of the MEC referring to the estimated Power Spectral Density (PSD) function, and then represents the MEC by employing an exponential function to fit the original signal. By defining a stopping criterion based on two adjacent estimated PSDs, each MEC can be accurately extracted with an improved performance throughout the entire signal decomposition. To verify the proposed method, a single degree-of-freedom system subject to harmonic loads has been examined. Numerical results show that the analytical response can not only be decomposed into four MECs corresponding to the excitation and the system, respectively, but also provide an accurate estimation of natural frequency and damping ratio of the system. Meanwhile, by observing results from the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Prony based on state-space model (Prony-SS), an improved decomposition accuracy has been achieved from the proposed approach. Furthermore, experimental data from the Norwegian Deepwater Programme and two sets of field-test data from one fixed offshore platform and an offshore wind turbine have been used to demonstrate the correctness of the developed signal decomposition method. It is noted that divergence in results by Prony-SS can be observed when a very large model order is used, while the proposed method provides the better decomposition and reconstruction of signals.     

Reliability-based calibration of fatigue design guidelines for ship structures

A simple reliability-based framework is applied to calibrate a new set of fatigue design guidelines. This new guideline considers two different approaches for the assessment of both loads, stresses and local stress raising effects, and partial safety factors must be given for any combination of these approaches. For the calibration, the lognormal reliability format is adopted because the hereby-derived partial safety factors can be combined arbitrarily. This means that with a few basic partial safety factors, the combination of partial safety factors to be applied together with any combination of calculation approaches can be determined easily. In the present paper both the adopted reliability format, the applied modeling of uncertainties and the selected target safety index are explained. Based on this, a new guideline is calibrated and the derived partial safety factors are presented. Finally, the new guideline is applied through a numerical example in order to show the applicability of the calibrated partial safety factors, and satisfactory results are found.     

施工缝粘结面劈拉强度试验研究

施工缝或日工作缝,是指已硬化的混凝土与新浇筑的混凝之间所形成的水平或垂直的接缝。本文研究了不同的浇筑方式、水泥标号、混凝土强度等级对混凝土施工缝的粘结劈裂抗拉强度的影响,为实际工程中的应用提供依据。     

灌注桩深基坑的有限元计算及影响因素分析

对苏州市轨道交通2号线金民东路站深基坑使用灌注桩作为支挡结构的开挖、支护施工进行了有限元数值模拟,据此分析了灌注桩内力、水平侧移等随施工过程的变化以及主体结构的内力情况,并研究了灌注桩刚度、地基土刚度对支护结构侧移和弯矩的影响,对实际施工起到一定的指导作用。     

高坝枢纽新建通航建筑物轴线及通航条件研究

针对山区已建高坝枢纽新建通航建筑物轴线布置受河道窄、水头高、电站泄流及已有建筑物影响等条件限制的问题,依托贵州清水江白市水电站枢纽新建通航建筑物工程,采用1∶100正态整体水工模型与自航遥控船模相结合的技术手段,对多条轴线布置方案进行通航水流条件及船舶航行操控研究与优化。试验结果表明,右岸轴线布置方案通航水流条件及船舶航行状态均较好,为推荐方案。研究成果解决了工程关键问题,可供类似已建高坝水利枢纽新建或扩建通航建筑物工程参考借鉴。     

形状记忆合金对纤维增强聚合物梁驱动效应的分析

着重研究了形状记忆合金偏心埋置于树脂复合材料梁/板后,合金在逆相变过程中对梁弯曲变形的驱动效应。试验结果表明:合金在逆相变过程中能对树脂基复合材料梁产生很大的驱动力,可以按需要主动控制复合材料梁、柱的变形;合金的预应变值因素对于合金的驱动效应有较大影响,合金可以进行多次激励。     

海湾大桥北引道沥青混凝土罩面设计

结合广东省汕汾高速公路汕头海湾大桥北引道路面加铺工程,分析软基路段过渡性路面的病害,提出沥青混凝土路面罩面结构设计和施工中须注意的问题.     

Comparing different contour methods with response-based methods for extreme ship response analysis

Environmental contours are often applied in probabilistic structural reliability analysis to identify extreme environmental conditions that may give rise to extreme loads and responses. They facilitate approximate long term analysis of critical structural responses in situations where computationally heavy and time-consuming response calculations makes full long-term analysis infeasible. The environmental contour method identifies extreme environmental conditions that are expected to give rise to extreme structural response of marine structures. The extreme responses can then be estimated by performing response calculations for environmental conditions along the contours.Response-based analysis is an alternative, where extreme value analysis is performed on the actual response rather than on the environmental conditions. For complex structures, this is often not practical due to computationally heavy response calculations. However, by establishing statistical emulators of the response, using machine learning techniques, one may obtain long time-series of the structural response and use this to estimate extreme responses.In this paper, various contour methods will be compared to response-based estimation of extreme vertical bending moment for a tanker. A response emulator based on Gaussian processes regression with adaptive sampling has been established based on response calculations from a hydrodynamic model. Long time-series of sea-state parameters such as significant wave height and wave period are used to construct N-year environmental contours and the extreme N-year response is estimated from numerical calculations for identified sea states. At the same time, the response emulator is applied on the time series to provide long time-series of structural response, in this case vertical bending moment of a tanker. Extreme value analysis is then performed directly on the responses to estimate the N-year extreme response. The results from either method will then be compared, and it is possible to evaluate the accuracy of the environmental contour method in estimating the response. Moreover, different contour methods will be compared.     

A design method of tensile triangles and low transformation temperature weld metal for reduction of stress concentration and residual stress of welded joints

Stress concentration and residual stress have a significant influence on fatigue life of welded joints. In order to reduce the stress concentration of welded joints, a mathematical design method of tensile triangles (MTT) based on bionics was applied to weld shape design. Accordingly, the stress concentration of various weld beads in the corner boxing welded joint and the fillet welded T-joint was dissected using our in-house FEM software JWRIAN. It was found that there existed a large stress concentration in the conventional welded joints, whereas those welded joints with elongated weld bead were accompanied by a lower stress concentration, especially for elongated weld bead with MTT design. Furthermore, among the weld shapes of the corner boxing fillet welded joint, the rectangle shape of weld bead had the minimum stress concentration factor (1.05). For the fillet welded T-joint with MTT design, the stress concentration of weld toe decreased dramatically with the increase of the index of designed shape, but there was a minor difference of stress concentration at weld root between the weld beads with MTT design. In addition, application of low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metal utilizing martensitic transformation to the fillet welded T-joints can produce compressive residual stress at weld toe.     

“s”型覆岩空间结构的冲击地压危险区预测

基于微地震监测和覆岩空间结构理论，以山东华丰矿1410工作面为例，分析了“s”型覆岩空间结构的形成，利用理论方法和微地震监测预测并圈定了华丰矿1410工作面发生冲击地压的危险区域，研究了“s”型覆岩空间结构的冲击地压危险区分布规律，为现场预测和控制冲击地压灾害提供了理论基础。