PCB生产中碱性蚀刻液补加工艺

从碱性蚀刻的化学反应机理出发,分析影响蚀刻精度的诸多因素,总结常规的蚀刻液补加工艺,提出了新的蚀刻液补加思路,并在实际生产中取得一定的效果.     

国外现代有轨电车外观设计分析

以法国海港城市马赛、丝织业中心里昂、香槟酒之都兰斯、澳大利亚文化和时尚之都墨尔本以及最新设计的概念型现代有轨电车为例,从地域文化展示、仿生设计、情感设计、城市环境融合、形式和技术之美5个方面对国外现代有轨电车的外观设计方法与实践进行分析,为体现我国各地文化和城市形象的现代有轨电车外观设计提供参考。     

EHF病毒在传代鸡胚上的实验观察

本文报道了用已知EHFV seoul株接种9～10d龄鸡胚后鸡胚出现严重局限的出血斑;ELISA试验显示感染鸡胚尿囊液和对照鸡胚尿囊液OD值之比>2.1;免疫荧光试验在感染鸡胚心、脑、肺、肝、肾组织印片细胞浆内可见不同程度荧光颗粒。     

论朗吉努斯《论崇高》中关于艺术家的思想

古希腊时期文学批评理论关注的主要对象,是独立于艺术家思想的外部真实,而对艺术家本身的兴趣则相对缺乏。朗吉努斯打破了这种局面,第一次把关注的目光从外部真实投向艺术家本身。他关于艺术家的思想可以从两种关系里揭示出来,其中不乏矛盾之处。其一,在艺术家的自然天性与后天艺术训练的关系方面,他反对同时代人重自然而轻艺术的观点,试图在两者之间维持一种平衡,坚信创作具有崇高风格的作品,两者缺一不可。其二,在艺术家与古典作家及其作品的关系方面,他为没有天赋者指出了一条成就伟大作品的道路,即摹仿古典作家和他们的作品。不同于柏拉图、亚里斯多德和贺拉斯的摹仿论,他所指的是艺术家对古人的一种精神性摹仿,摹仿概念由此获得全新的含义。     

The symbolism of ‘eco cars’ across national cultures: Potential implications for policy formulation and transfer

Transport choices are not merely practical decisions but steeped in cultural and societal perceptions. Understanding these latent drivers of behaviour will allow countries to develop and import policies to more successfully promote sustainable transport. Transport symbolism – what people believe their ownership or use of a mode connotes to others about their societal position – has been shown to be one such, non-trivial, hidden motivator. In the case of hybrid and electric cars (‘eco cars’), studies have demonstrated how their symbolic value varies within a society among different social groups. As yet, however, there has been scant research into comparing how the symbolism of a mode varies across national cultures, horizontally, between individuals with similar socio-demographic characteristics. Through qualitative thematic analysis, this study utilises two of Hofstede’s cross-cultural indices – power differential and individualism versus collectivism – to develop and strengthen theory on how the differing symbolism of eco cars currently varies between four cultural clusters – Anglo, Nordic, Confucian and South Asian. It also deliberates how observed symbolic qualitative differences may influence an individual or group choice to procure eco cars. Finally, it discusses how policy development, transfer and marketing, within the context of eco cars, may need to be modified by national governments, in the Confucian and South Asian cultures, so as to encourage uptake and modal shift.     

高职高专中药炮制技术课程数字化教学资源的构建与运用——以郑州铁路职业技术学院中药专业为例

数字化信息化教学模式已经逐渐发展为高职高专教学的主流,为了适应数字化信息化教学模式的变化,郑州铁路职业技术学院依托信息化教学平台,通过构建中药炮制技术课程数字化资源,建设了微课、PPT、在线题库等数字资源,以线上线下相结合的混合教学模式,激发了学生学习的积极性和热情,丰富并提高了师生互动的方式和频率,达到了提高教学质量的目的。     

Career development for women in maritime industry: organisation and socialisation perspectives

For centuries, the maritime industry has been a recognised place in society dominated solely by men, and even though there were women involved, they were mostly on the periphery. This research aims to fill the gap of women’s career development in this field, by investigating the relationships among the degree of organisational socialisation, women’s workplace culture, and the career development of women in the maritime workplace. The analyses are conducted with the structural equation model with 202 valid questionnaires. The results indicated that women’s workplace culture has a significantly negative relationship with the degree of organisational socialisation, and then in turn, it has a significantly positive relationship with women’s career development in the maritime industry. Finally, the results also indicate that the mediating effect of organisational socialisation existed between women’s workplace culture and women’s career development. According to the empirical analysis, this study makes conclusions as well as suggestions for the maritime enterprises as the reference for human resource management.     

体外大鼠成骨细胞对破骨细胞形成的影响

目的通过将鼠成骨细胞与破骨细胞直接共培养的实验方法,研究成骨细胞对破骨细胞分化及功能成熟的影响。方法按照M-CSF 30μg/L、RANKL 50μg/L的浓度对鼠骨髓单个核细胞诱导培养6 d,与原代培养3 d的鼠成骨细胞按细胞数量1∶1直接共培养,加入1,25-(OH)2D31×10-8mol/L和PGE21×10-6mol/L,利用形态学观察、TRAP染色、骨吸收陷窝检测等方法对共培养细胞进行鉴定。结果成骨细胞与破骨细胞共培养时,成骨细胞有明显的生长优势;染色后显微镜下可见大量呈单层排列的成骨细胞,偶见TRAP( )的破骨细胞。结论成骨细胞对破骨细胞分化及功能成熟的影响与两者的相对数量有关。本实验中,由于成骨细胞快速生长,当其数量多于破骨细胞时,可能使1,25-(OH)2D3对成骨细胞RANKL表达的上调作用不足,且PGE2对成骨细胞OPG表达的下调作用不足,从而主要表现为对破骨细胞形成及分化的抑制作用。     

刀豆蛋白A条件化培养基对体外培养的兔角膜内皮细胞生长的影响

目的研究刀豆蛋白A(concanavalin A,ConA)条件化培养基对体外培养的兔角膜内皮细胞(rabbit corneal endothelial cells,RCECs)生长的影响。方法采用揭取后弹力层及内皮细胞联合组织块法进行RCECs的体外原代培养,分别用含有体积分数为5%、10%、15%、20%ConA的活化大鼠脾细胞条件上清液的RPMI1640培养基进行RCECs原代培养,并用含10%(体积分数)胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)的RPMI1640培养基作为对照。神经烯醇化酶免疫组织化学染色法进行细胞鉴定;噻唑蓝比色法观察各组RCECs生长的状况;SPSS11.0One-way ANOVA及LSD检验进行统计分析。结果成功进行了RCECs的体外培养,培养细胞内神经烯醇化酶阳性表达。ConA条件化培养基各组细胞增殖均高于对照组(P<0.001),且10%、15%ConA条件化培养基组的RCECs细胞数量明显高于其他各实验组(P<0.001)。结论ConA条件化培养基具有促进RCECs生长的作用,可作为培养辅佐剂。     

转化生长因子-β_1抗体对人翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖及TGF-β_1-Smad4信号转导通路的影响

目的探讨转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)抗体对体外培养的翼状胬肉成纤维细胞增殖的抑制作用及对TGF-β1-Smad4信号转导通路的影响,评估其在翼状胬肉发病机制中的作用。方法人翼状胬肉切除后,体外培养其成纤维细胞并传至4~6代时,分别用6.25、12.5、25、50mg/mL TGF-β1抗体处理24、48、72h,采用MTT法检测成纤维细胞的生长抑制率,RT-PCR检测TGF-β1mRNA表达,Western blot检测Smad4蛋白的表达。所得数据采用SPSS19.0统计软件处理。结果 TGF-β1抗体可不同程度抑制成纤维细胞的增殖;TGF-β1抗体处理组TGF-β1mRNA的表达明显低于对照组,且不同浓度组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着浓度增大和作用时间延长,TGF-β1抗体处理组TGF-β1 mRNA的表达量呈逐渐降低趋势。不同浓度的TGF-β1抗体对Smad4的蛋白表达具有明显增强作用,且各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TGF-β1抗体对人翼状胬肉体外培养的成纤维细胞生长具有明显抑制作用,其可能通过调节TGF-β1和Smad4的表达而实现。