深圳城市轨道交通工程盾构区间造价指标分析

城市轨道交通工程具有投资规模大,建设时间紧,专业涉及面广,工程技术复杂等特点。总结深圳市已建城市轨道交通工程的技术经济指标,针对盾构区间隧道工程,研究轨道交通工程建设标准和造价指标体系,为合理确定本地区城市轨道交通工程建设和造价标准提供科学依据。通过确定盾构区间各项主要指标,为政府投资决策提供技术支撑,以期对轨道交通高质、高效发展起到一定推动作用。     

Costs of air pollutants from shipping: a meta-regression analysis

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur dioxides (SO₂) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM_2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM_2.5 and lowest for NO_x. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM_2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.     

由两起操作性污染事故引发的关于液货船装卸作业安全的思考

随着我国对石油的需求不断增长,液货船舶数量不断增多,船舶操作性污染事故日益增多。文中试图分析两起发生在天津港的操作性污染事故产生的原因,浅谈目前液货船在装卸作业方面存在的安全问题,从而提出建议和对策,希望能在避免液货船操作性污染事故发生以及减少海洋环境损害方面起到积极的作用。     

江淮气旋大风预报研究

江淮气旋大风预报研究的结果表明：气旋大风的预报实际上就是冷空气南下造成地面加压与气旋东移造成地面降压，这两个因素所造成气压梯度发展变化地以预报。还介绍用天气学原理建立的大风预报模式，以及用数理统计方法判别有无强风的预报，经过历史拟合和试报，在预报气旋大风中有一定的准确性。     

水下航行体操纵性指数与频率特性计算

本文根据水下航行体的侧-滚运动方程组，经拉普拉斯变换，求解了运动参数的传递函数；并用时域分析法与频率分析法，给出了四阶系统的操纵性指数K，T计算方法与频率特性的计算方法及其算例，以判别航行体的侧向、横滚方向运动的稳定性与机动性。     

空气污染气象与大气环境影响评价和预测研究

通过关于大气污染与气象条件、污染气象要素的测量手段和方法的介绍,以及对区域大气边界层扩散参数、大气扩散数学模式选择等计算方法的分析后,进一步阐明污染物在大气输送、扩散、迁移的稀释过程中,与气候、气象条件有着密切关系,应在大气环境影响评价和预测分析中予以重视。     

GTM的压实原理及设计指标与路用性能的相关性分析

GTM的设计思路提出解决目前汽车触地压强不断上升的途径,应用GTM减少沥青路面在重载交通下出现车辙、推移等剪切破坏.试验证明,沥青路面的表现与GTM的设计指标存在良好的相关性,因此GTM具有很好的推广价值.     

MARPOL73/78附则Ⅵ大气污染物排放控制的进展

文章以IMO大气污染通信工作组在2006年底召开的工作会议为背景,介绍了针对船用柴油发动机和燃料控制排放标准的讨论情况。     

机舱油水分离设备的营运检验

船舶舱底水对海洋环境的污染、船舶油水分离器的工作效果直接关系到是否满足MARPOL73/78公约的要求。通过对营运船舶油水分离器的检验方法,保证船舶油水分离器的工作效果。