高速公路浓雾监测预警系统

为研究浓雾对高速公路运营的影响,通过建设高速公路环境气象监测站以获取与浓雾发生密切相关的气象要素和能见度实测值,并结合高速公路沿线历史浓雾个例研究形成浓雾的环流形势特征和局地监测站气象要素演变与能见度值变化规律和特征,由此建成了高速公路浓雾监测预警系统。系统通过多种通讯传输和显示手段,将自动监测站的实况和预报中心制作的浓雾预警、预报结论传送至公路运营指挥中心,供采取决策措施时应用。该系统目前已由无锡段扩展到常州至苏州段,在试验应用期,沪宁高速公路在试验路段未发生因浓雾而造成的重大交通事故。     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

一种恶劣天气下高速公路车流稳健控制方式

高速公路的安全运营受恶劣天气影响显著,尤其是在极端恶劣的天气情况下。在车辆跟驰理论的基础上提出了一种车流控制方式,并结合车间距和车流安全的影响因素,推导得出了恶劣天气下能见度与高速公路安全行车速度的关系。研究为恶劣天气条件下高速公路的不间断安全运营提供了理论依据。     

巴拿马运河对通航船舶的尺度视线和布置要求

介绍了巴拿马运河的航运和地理位置,运河对通航船舶的吃水限制和尺度限制,以及运河对通航船舶视线和布置的要求等,并简要介绍了巴拿马运河扩建工程。同时通过驾驶室视线图送审过程中遇到的一些问题,更清晰地阐明了规范要求。对规范规则的解读,以期给巴拿马级船舶设计提供参考。     

浅谈高速公路上夜间行车的安全驾驶技术

针对夜间行车中应注意的视觉能力差,灯光转换和判别及预防疲劳驾驶等问题,进行了论述。     

不同能见度条件下高速公路车辆速度特性研究

本文以京港澳高速公路湖北省内金山-武汉南路段内的交通流检测器及其附近设置于路侧的公路气象站的历史数据为主要研究数据,针对雾天低能见度等天气因素,分析有无雾及不同能见度条件对车辆速度均值及速度离散型的影响;研究在雾天条件下,不同车道位置、不同车辆类型、不同时间时段的车辆行驶速度的差异性;基于交通流Greenshield 经典V-K关系,采用非线性回归方法,建立雾天车辆平均行驶速度综合预测模型,模型的拟合优度达到80%.研究成果对研究公路沿线能见度因素对行车安全影响,分析雾天等低能见度条件下的公路通行能力,制定雾天等低能见度条件下可变速度控制等交通控制措施具有重要参考与借鉴意义.     

能见度不良两船互见后的避碰行动分析

针对两船在能见度不良水域中航行、从不在互见接近到互见后的避碰过程,简要分析了船舶在遵守避碰规则上可能存在的争议,给出了英美海事法院对此所持的两种不同的观点,最后讨论了两船在能见度不良水域中航行接近到互见后应遵守的避碰规则和避碰行动．     

基于驾驶模拟器的雾天驾驶行为特性研究

在不同指令和速度反馈机制下进行了分组试验,模拟分析500,200,80,50和30 m能见度下驾驶速度选择和车道保持特性。结果表明：随着能见度的降低,车辆速度呈先升高后降低的趋势,实际速度与期望速度不匹配;除30 m能见度外,能见度降低未对驾驶员车道保持能力产生影响;80 m能见度下平均车速和车道保持率最高。     

山区高速公路路线设计探讨

基于安全运行理念的山区高速公路路线设计,应考虑各因素对车辆安全运行的影响.结合具体工程实例,阐述纵坡、超高、视距等技术指标在高速公路路线中的具体设计方法,并对其中的关键技术指标进行安全性检验.     

雾天高速公路安全车速分析

针对高速公路雾天低能见度及路面附着系数减小的情况,进行安全车速研究。根据跟车状态下停车过程及标志视认相关方法,分别进行基于停车视距模型（包括AASHT0停车视距模型和NCHRP停车视距模型）和基于交通标志认知距离的安全车速计算。以湖北黄黄高速公路为例,综合3种模型条件下安全车速,最终得出雾天气候下的交通管理措施。